美国的环境政策_黄金时代之后步履维艰.pdfVIP

生态环境 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 美国的环境政策: 黄金时代之后步履维艰 杜万平 （暨南大学法学院，广州 510632） 摘要:美国是现代环境保护运动的发源地，也曾是世界上环境保护政策最为先进的国家。然而自20世纪80年代至今，美国 的环境政策可以说是进展缓慢，步履维艰。先是遭到公开反对环境保护的里根总统的打击，后是104届国会对环境政策的压 制，如今的布什政府不仅在国际环境问题上公开反对签署《京都议定书》，在国内环境政策上也是采取重开发轻保护的环境 政策，不断削减环境项目的费用并放宽对自然环境的开发限制。一向对环境保护持同情和支持态度的法院，其态度也有所转 变。目前，美国的环境保护运动外部是反环境保护运动的压力，内部是日益明显的分歧甚至是根本观念上的差异，环境政策 的推行因此处于困境之中。 关键词:环境政策;反环境保护运动;环境正义 American Environmental Policy : Walk with Difficulty after Golden Ages DU F ang -p ing (Colleg e o f Law , Jin an Un iversity , Guang zhou 510632, Ch in a) Ab stract: Am erica is the p lace o f origin o f th e m odern environmental m ovem ent and it h ad th e m o st advan ced env ironm ental po licy and law in th e w orld . Bu t sin ce 1 980s, Am erican env ironm ent al po licy h ad m et m any difficu lties and m ade slow p rogress. F irst it en countered th e attack from President R eagan who opposed to env ironm ental protection pub licly , then th e supp re ssion o f th e 104th Con gress. N ow th e Bu sh adm in istration not on ly w ith drew from th e Kyoto Protoco l on gl obal climate ch ang e, bu t also p ropo sed to cu t th e co st o f dom estic environm ental p rogram s. At p resent ev en th e courts wh ich h ad alw ay s symp athized and suppo rted th e env ironmental p rotection b eg an to ch ange their attitudes. Th e env ironmental m ovem ent o f Am erica is con fronted w ith th e outside p ressu re from th e anti-env ironm ental m ovem ent and th e ch alleng es o f th e in side div erg en ces. And all th ese factors m ade Am erican environm ental po licy b e in h ard po sition . Key words: env ironme