涉外债权转让法律适用的路径选择.pdfVIP

涉外债权转让法律适用的路径选择 ∗ 宋 晓 摘 要：我国正在进行《涉外民事关系法律适用法》的立法。制定涉外债权转让的法律适用 规则，面临三条路径选择：适用转让人与受让人意思自治的法律、适用被转让债权的准据法或适 用转让人的住所地法。意思自治虽能促进债权转让的商业效率，但不符合确立物权秩序的需要。 适用转让人的住所地法过于机械，过于片面。相对来说，适用被转让债权的准据法最能平衡各方 当事人的利益，最能满足确立物权秩序的需要，因而应成为我国立法的最终选择，尽管这一系属 在某些方面也不能尽如人意。 关键词：涉外债权转让 法律适用 被转让债权的准据法 The Road to Make the Conflict Rule for Assignment Abstract: China’s Private International Law (applicable law) Statute is being codified now. When we are confronted with the question of how to make the conflict rule on voluntary assignment, we have three choices: adopting autonomy between the assignor and the assignee, applying the law governing the assigned claim, or applying the law of the assignor’s domicile. Party autonomy can foster commercial efficiency; however, it does not meet the requirements of property law. Applying the law of the assignor’s domicile is unjustifiably one-sided and mechanical. Applying the law governing the assigned claim is relatively the best one to balance all parties’ interests, and is the best one to comply with the settled order of property law. The last choice of the three should be accepted as the rule in the future statute, although it is not a perfect or impeccable rule. Key words: foreign-related assignment, applicable law, the law governing the assigned claim 债权转让是现代市场经济的重要组成部分，同时也是任何一个私法体系慎重对待的问题。无 论是大陆法系还是英美法系，债权转让的相关法律制度都极为复杂。在大陆法系，按照法学体系 化的一般观点，债权转让虽被放置在债权编中，但债权转让合同究竟系准物权合同还是债权合同， ① ② 长期以来争论不休。 在英美法系，债权转让普遍被认为横跨合同法和财产法两个领域。 涉外债 权转让的法律适用问题受对应的实体法结构的影响，在国际私法中也横跨了合同冲突法和物权 （财产）冲突法两大领域，各国立法与理论的纷争长期难以消弭。 各国对债权转让的法律功能的认识，基本上是一致的，即债权转让是一方当事人（转让人） 通过协议向另一方当事人（受让人）转让对第三方（债务人）的金钱债权或要求以其他方式履行 ③ 的债权，转让