水分胁迫对冬小麦粒叶比及产量构成的影响.pdfVIP

中国农学通报 2009,25(09): 120-125 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 水分胁迫对冬小麦粒叶比及产量构成的影响 李 慧，田奇卓，李娜娜，裴艳婷，徐凤娇，刘 鑫 ( 山东农业大学农学院，山东泰安271018) 摘 要：为探讨水分胁迫对冬小麦粒叶比、光合及产量构成的影响，在控制条件下对2 个不同类型品种进 行了研究，结果表明：在土壤相对含水量50%~80%范围内，水分胁迫可导致植株总绿色面积显著降低， 其中叶器官降低幅度最大，穗器官降低幅度最小，当土壤水分达到70% 以上无显著差异；水分胁迫可大 2 2 幅度提高小麦的粒叶比，但并非越高越好，应稳定在27 mg/cm 左右，绿源比稳定在11.5 mg/cm 左右产 量最高；胁迫使旗叶叶绿素含量和光合速率降低；适当水分胁迫虽然可提高经济系数和千粒重，但生物 产量和经济产量仍然以80%的最高，胁迫导致减产的主要原因是降低了单位面积穗数，其次是粒重，对 粒数的影响最小。 关键词：冬小麦；土壤水分；胁迫；粒叶比；光合速率；产量构成 中图分类号：S512.1 文献标识码：A Effects of Grain-leaf Ratio and Yield Components of Winter Wheat under Water Stress LiHui,TianQizhuo,LiNana,PeiYanting,XuFengjiao,LiuXin (ShandongAgriculturalUniversity,Tai’anShandong271018) Abstract: Inordertoinvestigatethewaterstressonwinterwheatgrain-leafratio,photosynthesisandyield components,Istudiedtwodifferenttypesofspeciesundertheconditionofthecontrol.Theresultsshowedthat: waterstresscanbeledthetotalgreenareaoftheplanttoasignificantreductioninthesoilrelativewater contentrangeof50%-80%.Thelargestdecreaseisleaforgans.Pseudorasboraisthesmallestdecreaseorgan. Whenthesoilmoistureover 70%therewasnosignificantdifference.Waterstresscangreatlyimprovewheat 2 grain-leafratio,butnotthehigherthebetter.Thegrain-leafratioshouldbestabilizedatabout 27 mg/cm; grain-source ratio should be stabilized at about 11.5 mg/cm. The flag leaf chlorophyll content and2 photosyntheticrateshouldbereducedunderwaterstress.Thehighestbiologicalproductionandeconomic outputarethe 80%ofthesoilmoisture,althoughappropriatewaterstressmaywellenhancetheeconomic factor