Dynamic bifurcations hysteresis, scaling laws and feedback control.pdfVIP

Dynamic bifurcations: hysteresis, scaling laws and feedback control 9 N. Berglund 9 School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology 9 1 Atlanta GA 30332-0430, USA. c e December 1, 1999 D 6 Abstract 1 v We review some properties of dynamical systems with slowly varying parameters, 8 when a parameter is moved through a bifurcation point of the static system. Bifur- 0 cations with a single zero eigenvalue may create hysteresis cycles, whose area scales 0 2 in a nontrivial way with the adiabatic parameter. Hopf bifurcations lead to the de- 1 layed appearance of oscillations. Feedback control theory motivates the study of a 9 bifurcation with double zero eigenvalue, in which this delay is suppressed. 9 / n y 1 Introduction d o- Many physical systems are described by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of the form a h dx c dt = F (x,λ), (1) : v i where x ∈ R n is a vector of dynamic variables and λ ∈ R p a set of parameters. When X modeling the system by the equation (1) we implicitly assume that the parameters are kept r a constant, while only the dynamic variables change in time. There are, however, situations in which the variables considered as parameters change slowly in time, for instance: • parameters which may be difficult to control, such as the temperature in a