《Verbal Advantage Level 9》.doc

VERBAL ADVANTAGE SUCCESS EDITION ADVANCED Levels IX By Charles Harrington Elster Verbal Advantage Level Nine With Pronunciations, Synonyms, Antonyms and Related Information Listed in Order of Presentation, by Level and Number. The abbreviation N.B. stands for the Latin nota bene and means note well, take good note of. 1. PROLIX (PROH-liks) Wordy and tiresome; longwinded and boring; verbose; using more than necessary to get the point across. Synonyms: circumlocutory, tautological, pleonastic. Antonyms: concise, terse, pithy, succinct, sententious. Etymology and usage: Latin prolixus, widely extended. Prolix applies to longwinded speech or writing that is tediously discursive, desultory, or protracted. 2. APOCRYPHAL (uh-PAHK-ruh-ful) Not genuine, counterfeit, illegitimate; specifically, of doubtful authenticity or authorship. Synonyms: spurious (Level 8, Word 18), unauthorized, unauthenticated, fabricated, fraudulent, supposititious. Antonyms: genuine, authentic, valid, bona fide. Etymology and related words: The Apocrypha are fourteen books of an early translation of the Old Testament into Greek called the Septuagint. The authenticity of these books was called into question. Today, apocrypha, spelled with a small a, refers to any writings of doubtful authenticity or authorship. 3. CUPIDITY (kyoo-PID-i-tee) Greed, a strong desire for wealth or material things. Synonyms: avarice, acquisitiveness, covetousness, venality. Etymology: Latin cupidus, desirous, longing, eager; also, eager for power or money, avaricious. The corresponding Latin noun cupido, desire, is the source of Cupid, the cherubic god of love in Roman mythology. 1 Verbal Advantage Level Nine 4. VERNAL (VUR-nul) Pertaining to spring, occurring in the spring; also, having the qualities of spring: fresh, warm, and mild. Antonyms: hibernal, hiemal (pertaining to winter, wintry). Additional useful words: Hibernia, poetic name for Ireland; estival, pertaining, like, or belonging to summer; estivate, to