明清输欧宜兴紫砂壶的文化情境及造物特征研究.pdfVIP

090 创意与设计 总第三十九期 | 2015.04 明清输欧宜兴紫砂壶的文化情境及造物特征研究 文/ 熊 微 黄巍锋（江南大学 设计学院） A Study on the Cultural Context and Creation Characteristics of the Yixing Boccaro Teapot Exported to Europe in Ming and Qing Dynasties 摘要： 紫砂壶，是江苏宜兴特有的陶器，专门用于饮茶。在茶叶进入欧洲后，紫砂壶随之外销欧洲。文章讨论了外 销欧洲的紫砂壶的译名和诸多造物特征，并且联系当时欧洲茶叶与陶瓷器的贸易和物质文化等方面，展开输欧紫砂壶的 物质文化解读。文章结合物质文化研究的各方面，提出了紫砂壶的输欧受到贸易全球化影响；欧洲的贵族消费者饮茶和 炫耀的两种目的购买紫砂壶；紫砂壶的输欧对于中国和欧洲两地的陶瓷业发展产生了重要影响等观点。 Abstract: Boccaro Teapot is a kind of earthenware peculiar to Yixing, Jiangsu Province, and it is designed exclusively for tea drinking. Boccaro teapot was exported to Europe as tea entered into the European market. This article discusses the translation and various creation characteristics of the boccaro teapot exported to Europe, and considers the trade, material culture and other aspects of tea and ceramics in Europe at that time, interpreting the material culture of boccaro teapot exported to Europe. Incorporating all the aspects of material culture research, this article puts forward several opinions: the exportation of boccaro teapot to Europe was influenced by the globalization of trade; consumers from the European aristocracy purchased boccaro teapot out of two intentions: tea drinking and showing off; the exportation of boccaro teapot to Europe significantly influenced the development of ceramic industries of both China and Europe. 关键词：紫砂壶；外销；明清；物质文化 Keywords: boccaro teapot; exportation; Ming and Qing Dynasties; material culture DOI编码：10.3969/J.ISSN.1674-4187.2015.04.014 在明代晚期，紫砂壶作为专门用于冲 根据周高起《阳羡茗壶系》，紫砂壶 得出第一种推论的理由是：就紫砂壶 泡茶叶的器具，开始在宜兴烧造。学界对 的创烧在明正德年间开始，紫砂壶的外销 外销的年代上限而言，最早有详细文献记 于紫砂壶这一重要的陶瓷器门类的研究成 必然不会早于这一时间。紫砂壶向欧洲输 载的为明代崇祯八年，即 1635 年，这正是 果颇丰。然而，对于紫砂壶外销至欧洲的 出最早开始于明代晚期，这是学界内相对 紫砂壶巨匠时大彬所在的时代。王林仙先 情况，在前人的研究中鲜有细致的介绍。 一致的观点。然而，这个时间上限的具体 生在《浅述宜兴紫砂