欧洲文化知识点复习.docVIP

　　第三章 ?? 1、the Middle ages名词解释 　　In European history， the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. 　　2、The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific (具体说来)， from the 5th century to 15th century. 　　3、The transitional (过渡时期) period is called the middle ages， between ancient times and modern times. 　　4、The transitional (过渡时期) period is called the 17th century， between the middle ages and modern times. 　　5、In 476 A.D. a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 西 窗体底端 罗马476灭，东罗马1653年灭 　　6、Feudalism名词解释Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding (土地所有) — a system of holding land in exchange for military service (军事力量)。 The word “feudalism” was derived (来源) from the Latin “feudum”， a grant (许可的) of land. 　　7、fiefs(次划分)名词解释In Feudalism， the ruler of the government redivided the large lands into small pieces to be given to chancellors (有功的大臣) or soldiers as a reward (奖赏) for their service. The subdivisions were called fiefs. 　　8、vassals (占有fiefs的人)名词解释 　　In Feudalism， the ruler of the government redivided the large lands into small pieces to be given to chancellors (有功的大臣) or soldiers as a reward (奖赏) for their service. The subdivisions were called fiefs. The owners of the fiefs was call vassals. 　　9、code of chivalry (骑士制度)名词解释 　　As a knight， he were pledged to protect the weak， to fight for the church， to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry， from which the western idea of good manners developed. 　　10、dubbing (骑士头衔加冕仪式)名词解释 　　After a knight was successful in his trained and tournaments， there was always a special ceremony (选择) to award him with a title， knight. This special ceremony is called dubbing. 　　11、knight trained for war by fighting each other in mock battles called tournaments.(模拟战场) 　　12、The crusades ended up wit