电子与通信工程专业英语 作者 徐存善 Unit 2.ppt

Resistor，Capacitor and Inductor If a battery is connected across a conducting material，a certain amount of current will flow through the material. This current is dependent on the voltage of the battery, on the dimensions of the sample, and on the conductivity of the material itself.1 The opposition to current is called electrical resistance and is represented by the letter symbol R. The unit of resistance is the ohm, a term that is often expressed by using ?.One ohm is defined as that amount of resistance that will limit the current in a conductor is one ampere when the voltage applied to the conductor is one volt. Larger amounts of resistance are commonly expressed in kiloohm (K?) and in megohm (M?). The resistors are made from carbon mixtures, metal films, or resistance wire and have two connecting wires attached. Variable resistors, with an adjustable sliding contact arm, are often used to control volume on radios and television sets. Electrical energy can be stored in an electric field. The device capable of doing this is called a capacitor or a condenser. Capacitors consist of two metal plates that are separated by all insulating material.2 If a battery is connected to both plates, an electric charge will flow for a short time and accumulate on each plate. If the battery is disconnected，the capacitor retains the charge and the voltage associated with it.3 The ability of a capacitor to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. The capacitance is directly proportional to the dielectric constant of the material and to the area of the plates and inversely to the distance of the plates.4 It is measured in farads .When a changer of one volt per second across it causes the current of one ampere to flow, the condenser is said to have the capacitance of one farad. However, farad is too large a unit to be used in radio calculation, so microfarad(10-6farads) and the picofarad (10-12farads) are generally used.