电子与通信工程专业英语 作者 徐存善 Unit 3.ppt

The Transistor and It’s Basic Circuit Transistors are the most important device in electronics today．Not only are they made as discrete （separate） components but also integrated circuits （ICs）may contain several thousands on a tiny slice of silicon． Transistors are three—terminal devices used as amplifiers and as switches．There are two basic types．They are： （Ⅰ）the junction transistor （usually called the transistor）； its operation depends on the flow of both majority and minority carriers and it has two P-N junctions. （Ⅱ） the field effect transistor（called the FET）in which current is due to majority carriers only（either electrons or holes） and there just one P-N juntion1 . A transistor consists of three layers of semiconductor material: a thin layer of one type with the other type on each side There are two possible arrangements：N-type in the middle with P-type on each side （PNP） and P-type in the middle with N-type on each side （NPN）2. The center is called base，one outside layer is called the emitter，and the other is known as the collector3（as shown in Fig.3-1）. A transistor is an electronically device that regulates the current flowing through it．Current from a power source enters the emitter, passes through the very thin base region, and leaves via the collector．Current flow is always in this direction. This current can be made to vary in amplitude by varying the current flowing in the base circuit．It takes only a small change of base current to control a relatively large collector current4．It is this ability that enables the transistor to amplify5． There are three basic ways of connecting transistors in a circuit（as shown in Fig. 3-2）common-base，common-emitter，and common-collector. In the common-base connection，the signal is introduced into the emitter-base circuit and extracted from the collector-base circuit．Because the input or e