电子与通信工程专业英语 作者 徐存善 Unit 19.ppt

Unit 19 Single-chip Microprocessors Single-chip Microprocessors Text Text Text Text Text Text 4. Parallel Input/Output Parallel input and output schemes vary somewhat in different micro- computers; in most cases a mechanism is provided to at least allow some flexibility of choosing which pins are outputs and which are inputs. This may apply to all or some of the ports. Some I/O lines are suitable for direct interfacing to, for example, fluorescent displays, or can provide sufficient current to make interfacing to other components straight forward. Some devices allow an I/O port to be configured as a system bus to allow off-chip memory and I/O expansion.2 4．并行输入／输出 不同微机中的并行输入输出方案略有不同。在多数情况下提供了一种机制，它至少允许灵活选择哪些引脚作为输出哪些引脚作为输入。这可应用到所有或部分端口。一些I/O线适于直接接入，如荧光显示；或可以提供足够的电流来直接连接其他元件。一些设备允许把I/O端口配置成系统总线以连接片外存储器和I/O扩展 Text 5. Serial Input／Output Serial communication with terminal devices is a common means of providing a link using a small number of lines. This sort of communication can also be exploited for interfacing special function chips or linking several microcomputers together. Both the common asynchronous and synchronous communication schemes require protocols that provide framing (start and stop) information. 5．串行输入/输出 通过使用少量的线路与终端设备连接进行串行通信是常用的手段。这种通信方式也可以开发用来连接具有特殊功能的芯片，或将若干微机连接起来。常见的同步和异步通信方案需要包含提供启停帧信息的协议。 Text 6. Timer/Counter facilities Many applications of single-chip microcomputers require accurate evaluation of elapsed real time. This can be determined by careful assessment of the execution time of each branch in a program but this rapidly becomes inefficient for all but the simplest programs.3 The preferred approach is to use a timer circuit that can independently count precise time increments and generated an interrupt after a preset time has elapsed. This type of timer is usually arranged to be preloadable with the required count. The timer then decrements this value producing an interrupt or setting a flag when ability to automatically reload the init