哮喘的诊断与治疗创新.pptVIP

* * * * * * 田执梁 E-mail : tianzhiliang999@ 谢谢 * Slide 2 Allergic rhinitis and asthma are highly prevalent worldwide, particularly in more developed countries that follow a “Western” lifestyle where the prevalence of both conditions is greatest.8-10 This slide shows 12-month prevalences of asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis for selected participating centers in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). ISAAC is a systematic international comparison of the prevalence of asthma and allergies.8 This analysis looked at the relationship between asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema by analyzing responses on onequestionnaires completed by 463,801 children aged 13–14 years in 156 collaborating centers across 56 countries. The questionnaires included questions about symptoms over the previous 12 months. In addition, a video asthma questionnaire was used to ask children if their breathing had been like the breathing in the video.8 The association between atopic diseases and Western lifestyle may be attributable to a decreased incidence of certain infections in early childhood.9 It is thought that during early life, viral infections may selectively enhance the development of T-helper (Th)-1–type cells and thus inhibit proliferation of Th2 cells, which promote allergic sensitization.11 Because children in Western societies do not typically contract these early viral infections, normal maturation of the immune response is impaired while allergy-promoting Th2 responses persist.10,11 * Slide 4 Allergic rhinitis and asthma frequently coexist. Most patients with asthma have allergic rhinitis (up to 80%).15-18 Among participants from two French centers in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), 79% (77/98) of patients with asthma had concurrent rhinitis, and 20% (77/378) with allergic rhinitis had concurrent asthma. Asthma was defined as one or more asthma a