土壤条件对香芋质影响的研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 香芋是我国南方经济作物之一。香芋品质形成与本身品种、土壤条件、肥料的 施用以及栽培管理有很大的关系。本研究以韶关乐昌的张溪和前溪两地香芋为研究 材料，对两地的土壤条件及其香芋的品质（外观品质和营养品质）进行了分析与比 较，并进行了施肥与种植密度对香芋品质影响的试验，拟在找到影响香芋品质的主 要因素。研究表明： 1 张溪土壤条件明显优于前溪，在速效氮、有效磷、速效钾含量方面均高于前 溪，有利于香芋的生长及优良品质的形成。张溪和前溪两地均是轻壤土，但前溪土 壤酸性很强，应适量施用化肥，增加土壤的有效成分。 2 张溪香芋在单颗重、球茎长和周长方面都高于前溪香芋，在糖和淀粉方面的 含量也较高，整体品质较好。 3 在施肥处理后，香芋的品质得到了改善。其中：氮肥施用后增加了蛋白质的 含量，同时对其他生理指标也有改善作用；磷肥施用后在淀粉、糖等指标的提升上 好于氮肥，也达到了较好的实验效果；钾肥对于改善品质也有积极的作用；混合施 肥可促进其他肥料的吸收，显著提高香芋的品质。 4 降低种植密度会使香芋单颗重加大，部分生理指标的含量有所上升。 5 香芋可溶性糖、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、维生素 C 和淀粉含量与香芋品质呈正相关， 灰分和还原糖含量与香芋品质呈负相关。 关键词：香芋 （Steudnera henryana ）；土壤条件；施肥；种植密度；品质 The Study of Soil Conditions on the Quality of Steudnera henryana Abstract Steudnera henryana is one of economic crops in southern China. The qualities of Steudnera henryana concerned with their varieties, soil conditions, fertilizer application and cultivate management. In this study, using the Steudnera henryana from Qian Xi and Zhang Xi in Shaoguan Lechang, the quality of Steudnera henryana and the soil conditions of both places were analyzed and compared. The fertilization and cultivating density tests have been developed to study the main factors affect the quality of Steudnera henryana. The results as follows: 1 The soil conditions of Zhang Xi is better than those of Qian Xi, the contents of radily available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of Zhang Xi soil were higher than those of Qian Xi. This is conducive to the growth of Steudnera henryana and the formation of good quality. The soil of Zhang Xi and Qian Xi are light loam, but the soil of Qian Xi is acidic, fertilizer should be adequate to increase the soils active ingredients. 2 The quality of Steudnera henryana in Zhang Xi are higher tha