超高产粳型水稻生长发育特性的研究.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2006,39(7):1336-1345 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 超高产粳型水稻生长发育特性的研究 杨建昌，杜 永，吴长付，刘立军，王志琴，朱庆森 （扬州大学／江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室，扬州225009 ） 摘要：【目的】水稻是中国最重要的粮食作物，实现水稻超高产对保证国家粮食安全有重要作用。本研究旨 在探讨超高产水稻（产量11 t·ha-1 ）的生长发育特性。【方法】4个中熟粳稻品种（含品系）连嘉粳2 号、华粳5 号、0026和9823种植于大田，对其物质生产和产量形成进行了观察分析。【结果】与高产水稻（CK，产量为8.98～ 9.16 t·ha-1 ）相比，超高产水稻每穗颖花数多，结实率高，千粒重与CK 无显著差异；超高产水稻移栽至拔节期的 茎蘖数较 CK 少，但分蘖成穗率较高；超高产水稻的叶面积指数、光合势和干物质积累，生育前期较 CK 低，抽穗 期与 CK 无显著差异，抽穗后则显著高于 CK。超高产水稻各生育时期的根冠比、抽穗至成熟的根系伤流量以及粒 叶比、茎鞘物质运转率和收获指数均显著高于 CK。【结论】提出了中熟粳稻超高产群体的生育诊断指标：总颖花 量4.5 万/m2 ，结实率90%，千粒重26 g；茎蘖成穗率80%，抽穗期叶面积指数 7.5～8.0，全生育期光合势5× 106 2 -1 -1 2 m ·d·ha ，成熟期总干重22 t·ha ，收获指数0.51；抽穗期粒叶比[颖花/叶(cm)]0.58，根冠比0.25，根系 伤流量5 g·m-2 -1 ·h 。对培育超高产水稻群体的调控途径与关键栽培技术进行了讨论。 关键词：中熟粳稻；超高产；生长发育；调控途径 Growth and Development Characteristics of Super-High-Yielding Mid-Season Japonica Rice YANG Jian-chang, DU Yong, WU Chang-fu, LIU Li-jun, WANG Zhi-qin, ZHU Qing-sen (Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009) Abstract: 【Objective 】Rice is one of the most important food crops in China. The realization of its super-high-yielding has a great significance for food security of the country. This study investigated the growth and development characteristics of the super-high-yielding (grain yield 11 t·ha-1) of rice. 【Method 】Four mid-season japonica rice cultivars (including lines), Lianjiajing 2, Huajing 5, 0026 and 9823, were grown in a paddy field. Growth analysis was performed during the growth period, and yield and yield components were determined at maturity. 【Result 】Super-hi