华北平原春玉米滴灌均匀系数对土壤水氮时空分布的影响.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2012,45(19):4004-4013 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.19.012 华北平原春玉米滴灌均匀系数对土壤水氮时空分布的影响 张 航，李久生 （中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室，北京 100038 ） 摘要：【目的】研究滴灌均匀系数及土壤特性对土壤水氮时空分布的影响，定量评价现行标准的适宜性。【方 法】试验在华北平原进行，供试作物为春玉米，滴灌均匀系数（CU）设置0.66（低）、0.81（中）和0.99（高）3 个水平，灌水量设置灌溉需水量的 50%（低）、75%（中）和 100%（高）3 个水平，监测不同生育阶段的土壤水分 和硝态氮含量。【结果】土壤含水量均匀系数在生育期内大于 0.85（2009 年）和 0.80（2010 年），低灌水均匀系 数处理与中、高灌水均匀系数处理没有明显区别，远大于滴灌均匀系数（0.66），初始含水量均匀系数的影响大于 滴灌均匀系数，灌水量的影响较小。滴灌均匀系数对硝态氮均匀系数的影响不显著。【结论】在华北平原半湿润地 区，滴灌均匀系数不是影响春玉米生育期内土壤水氮分布的主要因素，现行微灌均匀系数标准（CU≥0.80）可适 当降低，以降低系统投资。 关键词：滴灌；均匀系数；灌水量；春玉米；土壤含水量；硝态氮 The Effects of Drip Irrigation Uniformity on Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Water and Nitrogen in Soil for Spring Maize in North China Plain ZHANG Hang, LI Jiu-sheng (State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038) Abstract: 【Objective 】The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of drip irrigation uniformity and soil properties on the spatial and temporal variability of water and nitrogen in the soil and to quantitatively evaluate the suitability of current design standard of drip irrigation uniformity. 【Method 】Field experiments were conducted on drip irrigated spring maize (Zea mays L.) in north China plain. Three Christiansen uniformity coefficients (CU) of 0.66 (low), 0.81(medium), and 0.99 (high) and three levels of water application at 50%, 75%, and 100% of the irrigation requirement were used. Soil water and nitrogen content were periodically measured during the growing se