两系法杂交稻安全制种的低温防御灌水理论与技术.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2005,38(9):1780-1786 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 两系法杂交稻安全制种的低温防御灌水理论与技术 1 1 2 2 1 邹江石 ，吕川根 ，姚克敏 ，胡 凝 ，夏士健 1 2 （江苏省农业科学院，南京 210014 ； 南京信息工程大学，南京 210044 ） 摘要：归纳了中国南方稻区8月中下旬低温的发生频率、强度和持续时间。明确了保证两系法杂交稻制种纯 度的灌水增温幅度以 2℃为宜。测定了培矮 64S 育性敏感期的幼穗高度和冠层结构特征，分析了灌水后冠层增温 的空间和时间规律。结果表明，灌水的有效增温高度在株高40 cm以内，以20 cm 处最为显著，平均可达3.1℃。 提出防御低温的灌水技术为：15～20 cm的灌水深度；流动灌水；晴（昙）天17时灌水，次日10时排水，阴（雨） 天24 h灌水；田块比较大时，适当增加入水口和出水口数量。通过不育系花粉育性和自交结实率的观测，证实了 该技术的有效性。 关键词：两系法杂交稻；低温；制种；纯度；灌水 Research on Theories and Techniques of Irrigation for Safeguarding Seed Production of Two-Line Hybrid Rice 1 1 1,2 2 1 ZOU Jiang-shi ，LÜ Chuan-gen ，YAO Ke-min ，HU Ning ，XIA Shi-jian 1 （Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014 ； 2Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 ） Abstract: By inducing frequency, intensity and duration of low temperature in the middle and last ten-day periods in August in China′s southern rice-growing area, increasing temperature for safe seed production of two-line hybrid rice was defined as 2 ℃. During the fertility sensitive period, the characters of panicle height and canopy structure of a TGMS rice, Pei’ai64S, were measured. Results showed that the temperature changes caused by irrigation in field was below 40 cm of rice plant, and heating effect was significant at 20 cm, as increased by 3.1℃. From the present study, irrigation techniques were putted forward: the water depth at 15-20 cm, current water, irrigating at 17:00 and bail