土壤养分综合系统评价法与平衡施肥技术研究回顾与展望.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40(增刊1):226-232 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 土壤养分综合系统评价法与平衡施肥技术研究回顾与展望 杨俐苹，金继运，白由路，黄绍文，程明芳 （中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所植物营养重点实验室，北京 100081） 摘要：该技术应用联合浸提剂和系列化操作规程以及网络化的数据管理，快速准确测定土壤中各种大、中和 微量元素的营养状况并对土壤肥力进行全面评价。通过对取自全国不同地区和土壤类型的40 000 多个土壤样品的 测试和7 000 多个田间试验的校验，研究形成了适用于我国各主要类型农业土壤和作物的完善的土壤养分评价指 标体系和推荐施肥指标体系，目前可对我国主要土壤类型和100 多种作物进行测土推荐施肥、指导各种作物的高 产高效平衡施肥和作物专用肥生产。在此基础上研制开发了高效土壤养分测试设备，该技术及设备在当前我国开 展的全国性的测土配方施肥中发挥巨大作用，并已经取得了显著的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。 关键词：土壤养分综合系统评价法；ASI 法，土壤测试；推荐施肥；平衡施肥 Review and Prospects of Systematic Evaluation of Soil Nutrient Status and Balanced Fertilization Technique YANG Li-ping, JIN Ji-yun, BAI You-lu, HUANG Shao-wen, CHENG Ming-fang (Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081) Abstract: With the systematic technique, all macro-, secondary- and micro-nutrients are considered in soil nutrient status evaluation and fertilizer recommendation, so that all nutrients are supplied in a balanced manner. In the soil testing, multi-nutrient extraction solutions were used, a semi-automatic operation procedure and soil data management system and fertilizer recommendation program based on web technique were developed which significantly improved the working efficiency of the laboratory. Based on the soil testing results for more than 40 000 samples and more than 7 000 field trials, a database, a data management system and a computerized fertilizer recommendation system were established which is applicable for main farming soil types and crops in China. The fertilizer recommendation models for more than 100 crops improve