遮阴对夏玉米茎秆形态结构和倒伏的影响.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2012,45(17):3497-3505 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.17.005 遮阴对夏玉米茎秆形态结构和倒伏的影响 崔海岩，靳立斌，李 波，张吉旺，赵 斌，董树亭，刘 鹏 （山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安 271018 ） 摘要： 【目的】在太阳辐射不断减少的气候条件下，探讨遮阴（弱光胁迫）对夏玉米茎秆形态及其显微结构 的影响。【方法】以登海 605（DH605）和郑单 958（ZD958）为试验材料，大田条件下设置花粒期遮阴（S1）、穗 期遮阴（S2）、全生育期遮阴（S3）3个处理，遮光度为60%，以自然光为对照（CK），研究弱光胁迫对夏玉米茎秆 性状及其倒伏的影响。【结果】遮阴后夏玉米株高、穗位高和叶面积指数，地上第 3 茎节长、茎节横截面积、茎 秆穿刺强度均显著降低，且遮阴时期对其影响表现为 S1＜S2＜S3；DH605 和 ZD958 的茎秆穿刺强度分别较对照降 低22.23%和24.41%。茎秆硬皮组织厚度和维管束数目及中央大维管束面积、木质部面积、韧皮部面积较对照也显 著降低，田间倒伏率显著升高，全生育期遮阴两品种倒伏率分别高达36.5%和24.7%。遮阴后空秆率增加，收获穗 数、穗粒数显著降低，产量下降，减产幅度表现为S3＞S1＞S2。【结论】夏玉米生长期内光照不足影响产量形成， 改变植株形态，通过降低基部节间长度、粗度、穿刺强度和茎秆硬皮组织厚度，减少维管束数目，降低茎秆抗倒 伏性能，且花前遮阴对田间倒伏率的影响大于花后遮阴。 关键词：夏玉米；遮阴；茎秆；倒伏；显微结构 Effects of Shading on Stalks Morphology, Structure and Lodging of Summer Maize in Field CUI Hai-yan, JIN Li-bin, LI Bo, ZHANG Ji-wang, ZHAO Bin, DONG Shu-ting, LIU Peng (Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong) Abstract: 【Objective 】 With the decreasing of the solar radiation in China, effects of shading (low light stress) on stalk morphology and microstructure of summer maize were studied to provide a theoretical basis for summer maize to adapt the current climatic condition of insufficient illumination. 【Method 】 Summer maize was grown under the shading condition with a shading degree of 60%. Three shading treatments were designed in growing season ranged from tasseling to maturity (S1), from jointing to tasseling stage (S2) and whole growing period (S3), respectively. Two summer maize cultivars Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958) were