中国不同区域农田养分输入、输出与平衡.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2011,44(20):4207-4229 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.20.009 中国不同区域农田养分输入、输出与平衡 李书田，金继运 （中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京100081） 摘要：弄清中国不同区域农田养分投入、产出和平衡状况，对养分资源管理和肥料的科学分配与施用，提高 肥料利用效率等具有重要意义。在参考现有资料的基础上，系统分析和论述了中国的养分资源及其利用现状，估 算了各种有机肥资源及其可提供的氮磷钾养分数量，分析和评价了中国不同区域养分输入、输出特点及平衡状况。 针对目前养分输入、输出存在的一系列问题，提出了养分资源管理的对策和建议。 关键词：养分资源；养分输入；养分输出；养分平衡 Characteristics of Nutrient Input/Output and Nutrient Balance in Different Regions of China LI Shu-tian, JIN Ji-yun (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081) Abstract: Clearance of nutrient input/output and balance in farmland in different regions of China is critical for nutrient management, scientific distribution and application of fertilizer resources, and improving nutrient use efficiency, etc. Based on existed literatures this paper systematically analyzed and discussed the current nutrient resources and application status, estimated the amount of manures, crop straws and their potential amount of nutrients NPK. The characteristics of nutrient input, output and balance in different regions of China were analyzed and evaluated. Strategies and suggestions on nutrient management were discussed based on the existed issues of nutrient input and output. Key words: nutrient resources; nutrient input; nutrient output; nutrient balance 意义。关于中国肥料需求、养分的输入/输出平衡状况 0 引言 国内外学者有许多研究，从不同的角度分析中国农田 新中国成立以来的实践证明，肥料尤其是化肥在 养分的需求和平衡状况[1-6] ，这些研究结果对指导肥料 提高粮食产量、保障粮食