混凝土构件缺陷超声无损检测的应用研究.docVIP

混凝土构件缺陷超声无损检测的研究 傅竹武1 王 鑫2 （1云南大学 地球物理系, 云南 昆明 650091;2西南有色昆明勘测设计院 测试研究所，云南 昆明 650051） 摘 要 对混凝土构件进行超声无损检测，超声波的振幅参数对混凝土构件中的缺陷（裂缝）最敏感，在耦合良好和测试条件基本一致时，振幅值的大幅衰减可作为判断混凝土构件存在缺陷的主要依据。超声波的速度参数对微小裂隙不敏感，缺陷较大会引起速度值的显著下降；频率参数用于检测混凝土构件缺陷不够敏感；对混凝土构件缺陷进行超声检测，速度变化和频率变化只能作为参考因素。超声波通过裂缝与未过裂缝，波形存在明显差异，通过裂缝后，有时会出现很大周期的波列，可作为判断缺陷的重要依据。综合分析超声波运动学和动力学各参数的变化，能够提高检测的准确性。 关键词 超声波；无损检测；混凝土构件；缺陷 A study on ultrasonic nondestructive testing detecting the defects of concrete components fu zhuwu1 , wang xin2 (1 Yunnan University, the department of physical geography, Yunnan, Kunming，650091， southwest colored Kunming investigation and design institute, Yunnan, Kunming, 650051 ) Abstract When using nondestructive ultrasonic testing for concrete components testing, the amplitude is the most sensitive parameter to reflect the defects of the components. So the attenuation degree of amplitude can be the mostly criterion of the components having defects when the testing process in nice coupling and consistent testing condition. In the course of ultrasonic testing, the velocity parameter is not sensitive for the little defects and the velocity will prominent descend when big defects, and the frequency parameter is also not sensitive for testing concrete defects. So using nondestructive ultrasonic testing for concrete components testing, the velocity and frequency parameter can only be the reference parameters. According the contrast of the ultrasonic transit or not transit the crack, we can find that the ultrasonic figure have obvious difference and sometimes there will be big periods wave character when ultrasonic transit the crack. The veracity of the testing can be improved under the synthetically analysis of ultrasonic parameters’ change of ultrasonic kinematics and dynamics. Keywords ultrasonic; nondestructive testing; concrete components; defects 1 引言 混凝土构件在制作或使用过程中，经常因为管理不善或受环境及自然灾害的影响，其内部可能出现不密实、裂缝或空洞区，其外部可能形成蜂窝麻面或损伤层等缺陷。这些缺陷的存在会严重影响构件的承载力和耐久性[1]，采用有效方法查明混凝土缺陷的性质、，、[2,3]。在实际应用中，超声波在混凝土