植物逆境miRNA研究进展.pdfVIP

HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2009 3 , 31(3): 227―235 ISSN 0253-9772 综述 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2009.00227 植物逆境miRNA 研究进展 沈亚欧, 林海建, 张志明, 高世斌, 潘光堂 , , 625014 包括生物和非生物在内的多种逆境胁迫是植物正常生长和作物产量提高的重要限制性因素。植物在长期 的进化过程中, 通过诱导表达某些抵御或防卫途径的关键基因来实现对胁迫的响应。研究表明, 逆境胁迫不仅 会诱导植物蛋白质编码基因的表达, 也会诱导一些非蛋白质编码基因的表达, 这类非蛋白质编码基因的表达产 物在植物的生长、发育和应对逆境胁迫等过程中起到重要的调控作用。miRNA(小分子RNA)就是这类非蛋白质 编码基因产物中的重要类群, 研究发现, 多种逆境均会诱导 miRNA 的产生, 其作用是通过引导目的基因 mRNA 的降解和阻止翻译过程来调控靶基因, 最终通过形态或生理上的变化达到对逆境的适应。文章主要对植 物逆境胁迫下miRNA 的研究, 特别是逆境胁迫诱导miRNA 的产生、靶基因调控以及miRNA 在植物适应逆境 胁迫过程中的作用进行了综述, 同时, 文章还对在逆境胁迫下植物miRNA 的研究方法进行了初步的探讨。 miRNA; 逆境胁迫; 靶基因; 基因调控 Advances in study of plant miRNAs under stressed environmental conditions SHEN Ya-Ou, LIN Hai-Jian, ZHANG Zhi-Ming, GAO Shi-Bin, PAN Guang-Tang Institute of Maize Research , Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Ya’an 625014, China Abstract: Biotic and abiotic stresses influence plant growth and cause great loss to crop yield. In the long course of evo- lution, plants have developed intricate biological mechanism to resist stressed conditions. Under various stressed conditions, not only the protein-coding genes, but also the non-protein-coding genes were induced for response. More and more re- searches showed that the transcripts of these non-protein-coding genes played important role in regulation of gene expres- sion. miRNA is one of the groups in these no-coding regulatory small RNAs. Recent findings showed that in order to resist the biotic and abiotic stresses, expression of microRNA (miRNA) genes will be induced and their transcripts (miRNAs) can regulate gene expression by guiding t