蛋白分选与膜泡运输精要.ppt

* * Docking and fusion of transport vesicles with their target membranes. Dissociation of SNARE complexes after membrane fusion is driven by ATP hydrolysis. * * 5.4 Vesicles targeting and membrane fusion 膜泡与靶膜的融合 Specificity in targeting is ensured because all transport vesicles display surface markers that identify them according to their origin and type of cargo, and target membranes display complemetary receptors that recognize the appropriate markers. This crucial process depends on two types of proteins: Rab proteins: direct the vesicle to specific spots on the correct target membrane SNARE proteins mediate the fusion of the lipid bilayers. SNAREs: SNAP受体(soluble NSF attachment protein receptor), v-/t-型两种 RABs: small G protein Figure 13-14 Molecular Biology of the Cell (? Garland Science 2008) Tethering of a vesicle to a target membrane (vesicle SNARE) (target SNARE) Rab effector proteins interact via active Rab-GTP located on the target vesicle membrane to establish the first connection between the two membranes. Next SNARE proteins pair to dock the vesicle to the target membrane and catalyze the fusion of the two apposed lipid bilayers. Rab-GTP蛋白帮助运输小泡与受体膜结合，GTP水解后释放出Rab进入胞质溶胶再利用。 两层膜融合后将小泡的内含物送到靶细胞内部，并把小泡膜加到靶膜中去。 Over 60 known members, they are the largest subfamily of GTPases. Each Rab protein associates with one or more membrane-enclosed organelles, and each of these organelles has at least one Rab protein on its cytosolic surface. Their highly selective distribution on these membrane systems makes Rab proteins ideal molecular markers for identifying each membrane type and guiding vesicular traffic between them. Rab proteins can function on transport vesicles, on target membranes, or both A. Rab proteins:monomeric GTPases Table 13-1 Molecular Biology of the Cell (? Garland Science 2008) 运输小泡与靶膜的选择性融合-选择特异过程 例如，源于内质网的膜泡?高尔基体CGN区融合 源于中间膜囊(medial Golgi)的出芽膜泡?高尔基体反面膜囊TGN融合 ? 保证细胞内定