油田污水常用阻垢剂的研究进展教程概述.docVIP

油田污水常用阻垢剂的研究进展 【摘要】伴随着油田开发进程，油田废水产生量日益增加，严重的污染了自身及周边环境，需采取相关技术对其进行处理，本文探讨了不同油田化学剂在油田污水处理过程中的相关应用。在油田生产中，地下储层、采油井井筒、地面油气集输系统内均可能产生无机盐结垢。油气集输系统和采油系统的结垢问题是我国各油田普遍存在的问题，油田水结垢给油田正常生产带来的危害十分巨大，因此结构问题已越来越引起人们的关注。最有效的方法就是投加化学阻垢剂。聚合物阻垢剂以其优异的阻垢性能、低毒、用量少、良好的溶限效应和协同效应等优点。希望本研究结果能对油田污水阻垢剂的研究进展起到一定积极的影响。 【关键词】阻垢剂 采出水 钻井油田污水 The research progress of oil field wastewater commonly used scale inhibitors 【 abstract 】 with the process of oilfield development, oil field wastewater quantity increased, the serious pollution itself and the surrounding environment, need to take to deal with its related technologies, this paper discusses the different oilfield chemicals in the process of oilfield sewage treatment related applications. In oil field production, the underground reservoir, the failure of the shaft and the surface oil and gas gathering and transferring system are likely to produce inorganic salt scaling. Scale formation of oil and gas gathering system and production system is a universal problem from oil fields in our country, the scale to the normal production of oil field water in oilfield damage is very large, so the problem of structure has increasingly aroused peoples concern. The most effective method is to add chemical scale inhibitor. Polymer scale inhibitors, with its excellent anti-scaling property, low toxicity, less dosage, good solubility limit effect and advantages of synergistic effect. Hope that the results of this study is to research progress of scale inhibitor for oil field wastewater and played a positive effect. 【 key words 】 scale inhibitors produced water drilling oil field wastewater 目 录 1 概 述 6 1.1 结垢在油田污水处理中的危害 6 1.2 阻垢剂在油田污水处理中的作用及意义 8 1.3 阻垢剂的发展历程 9 2 阻垢剂作用机理及类型 11 2.1 阻垢剂的作用机理 11 2.1.1 螯合增溶作用 11 2.1.2 阈值效应 11 2.1.3 晶格畸变作用 11 2.1.4 凝聚与随后的分散作用 11 2.1.5 再生-自解脱膜假说 11 2.1.6 双电层作用机理 12 2.2 油田常用阻垢剂的类型 12 2.2.1天然分散剂 12 2.2.2有机膦系列阻垢剂 12 2.2.3 有机膦酸盐阻垢剂 12 2.2.4 聚羧酸类阻垢分散剂 14 2.2.5 低分子聚合物 15 2.2.6 天然改性高分子 15 2.3 小结 17 3 影响阻垢剂效果的主要因素 18 3.1 浓度对阻垢剂性能的影响 18 3.