第十一章介词（二）.docVIP

第十一章介词（二）四、其他介词的用法1 表示手段和材料的介词：with, in, bywith①表示“使用某一工具或方法”。The teacher wrote a phrase on the blackboard with a piece of chalk.老师用一根粉笔在黑板上写了一个短语。He cut off a big piece of meat with a knife and handed it to her.他用刀子切下一大块肉来递给她。②表示“带有，具有”。She is a beautiful girl with black hair and large bright eyes.她是一个有着一头黑发和一双大眼睛的漂亮姑娘。Mr. Li came into the room with a parcel.李先生拿着一个包进了屋。③表示“与……在一起”。The boy played with the children happily.这个男孩那天与其他孩子们玩得很高兴。Id like to go shopping together with you.我想跟你一块儿去买东西。④表示“由于，因为……”。She jumped with joy when hearing the news.当她听到这个消息时，高兴得跳了起来。Her mother was down with fever yesterday.她妈妈昨天烧得起不来了。⑤可与副词连用构成祈使句。On with your shoes!把鞋穿上。Out with your hands on your head!手抱头走出来!In表示用某一种材料(墨水，铅笔等)；或使用某一种语言，或穿某种衣服，用某种声调等。(注意不用 with)Dont write in pencil, please.请不要用铅笔写。How do you say it in French?这个用法语怎么说?She seems much more beautiful in yellow.她穿黄色的衣服显得漂亮多了。Susan told the news to her mother in a low voice.苏姗悄悄地把那个消息告诉了她的母亲。in还可以表示方向和在某一方面。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起，而在西方落下去。She does very well in her English study.她的英语学得非常好。必背：记住下列固定短语：in fact 事实上in a hurry 急忙in a minute 马上in fashion 流行in a word 总而言之in all 总和in doubt 怀疑in due time 在适当时间by 通过……方法，手段。Do you go to school by bus or by like?你平时上学是骑车还是坐车?What do you mean by saying that?你说那话是什么意思?By的其他一些用法：①表示“经过……旁边”。Do you go by that super-market?你路过那个超市吗?I dont drive by the Great Hall of the People.我开车不经过人民大会堂旁边。②表示“由于”。Perhaps she took it by mistake.大概她把它拿错了。He succeeded in the experiment by the hard-working.由于艰苦的工作，他取得了这次试验的成功。③表示“相差，差额”。Last time I missed the train by only five minutes.上次我只差五分钟没赶上火车。The products in this factory increased by 30% last month.上个月，这个厂的产品增加了百分之三十。④表示“逐一地……”。The new students will have the military training group by group.新生将分批去接受军训。The students are examined one by one.学生们一个一个地接受检查。必背：牢记下列词组：by and by 逐渐地by heart 背诵，熟记by accident 偶然by chance 偶然by all means 无论如何by no mean