汉英科技论文翻译的技-讲座1介绍.doc

五．英语中数量大小及增减的表示法 ENIAC, made in a laboratory of the Northwestern University in Evanston, in 1942, was composed of more than 30 thousand electronic tubes and nearly one million pieces of other components such as resistors, condensers and switches. B.数量增减表示法： 用 increase (decrease, reduce) by 表示净增（减）了多少 例：Compared with last year, our coal output has increased by three times. (煤产量增加了3倍) The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本降低了60％。 用increase (decrease, reduce) to…. 表示增加（减少）到多少 The number of the students has increased to 3000. The price of rice has reduced to two thirds.（大米降价到原价的2/3） B.倍数表示法 用exceed (increase, decrease, reduce) + by a factor of +倍数表示增加了x–1倍或减少到原来的1/x. 例如： This speed exceeded the average speed by a factor of 2.5 该速度超过平均速度的1.5倍 (是原来的2.5倍) The price of the tools has decreased by a factor of 4 工具价格降到原来的1/4 注：在表示2倍时，不要用 2 times 而要用twice 或double 在表示3倍时 可用 3 times 或triple, treble 在表示4倍或4倍以上时， 除用基数词＋times 外，还可用”基数词＋fold” 的合成词 例： During that period, its total output of industry increased to ten-fold. 工业产值增加了9倍。 写作注意事项： 汉语表达方式比较简略，转译成英文时要将原意清楚地反映出来。 今天是我们最后一堂课 不能直译成today is our last class,因为主表不一致。 会议定在星期五。正式的译文应将“召开”译出来。（The meeting is arranged /or scheduled to be held on Friday） 2.英汉翻译绝不可一一对应直译，尤其是汉语中常用的习惯说法若完全照译则根本不符合英文习惯：如在…..的支持下绝不可能译成under the support of …..，而在…..的领导下却可译成under the leadership of ….. 4.英语句子结构要注意主句和其它修饰和说明部分的关系。不能完全按汉语顺序翻译，否则让人看不懂。至于主句放前放后则看想强调的是哪部分。千万不能将已想好的汉语逐字逐句译成英文。 论文范例讲解 香港大学（The University of Hong Kong）一篇论文 A CAVE-based Multi-Material Virtual Prototyping System This paper proposes a CAVE-based multi-material virtual prototyping (CMMVP) system for immersive stereoscopic visualization(沉浸式立体可视化) and optimisation（美式英语用-zation,英式英语用-sation） of multi-material layered manufacturing(MMLM) processes. The CMMVP system consists mainly of a suite of software packages for simulation of MMLM processes, integrated with a multi-screen CAVE-based virtual reality (VR) system, to create an immersive virtual environment(沉浸式虚拟环境下) for digital fabrica