东北刺人参种子萌发影响因子的研究.pdfVIP

植物学通报 2005, 22 (2): 183~189 Chinese Bulletin of Botany 实验简报 东北刺人参种子萌发影响因子的研究① 1 2 2 ② 2 3 刘继生 张 鹏 沈海龙 张 羽 范少辉 1(延边大学农学院 龙井 133400) 2 ( 东北林业大学林学院 哈尔滨 150040) 3 ( 中国林业科学院林业研究所 北京 100091) 摘要 东北刺人参(Oplopanax elatus Nakai) 种子透水性良好，休眠后萌发不受其影响。种皮和胚乳 的水提取物中存在萌发抑制物质，胚乳中提取物对白菜种子萌发的抑制效果比种皮更明显。种子自然 脱落时胚尚未分化完全，处于心形胚阶段。种子需要先温暖层积以完成胚的分化与生长，然后转入低 温层积完成生理后熟。同批种子胚的发育不完全同步，变温层积处理7个月有极少数种子萌发，连续 变温层积处理17个月大部分种子萌发。不同年份受气候条件影响，种子产量和发芽率差异较大。种子 耐贮性较强，贮藏2年的种子生活力变化不大，仍具有较高的萌发潜力。 关键词 东北刺人参，种子休眠与萌发，种胚，种子生活力 Factors Influencing Seed Germination of Oplopanax elatus Nakai 1LIU Ji-Sheng 2ZHANG Peng 2 SHEN Hai-Long② 2ZHANG Yu 3FAN Shao-Hui 1(School of Agricultural , Yanbian University , Longjing 133400) 2(School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040) 3(Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Beijing 100091) Abstract This paper describes factors in seed germination of Oplopanax elatus Nakai. The water permeability of seeds was good enough to support seed germination. The water extracts of the seed coat and endosperm had some germination inhibitors, and the inhibitory effect of the extracts from endosperm was stronger than that from the seed coat. The embryos were not fully differentiated (in the cardioid stage) and were in deep dormancy when seeds matured. The seeds must be stratified under warm conditions to complete differentiation and development of the embryos, then under cold conditions to complete the physiological ripeness. The development of embryos in different seeds within a seed lot were not synchronous. By changing the tempera- ture stratification for 7 months, only a few seeds were able to germinate, but after 17 months, most of the seeds were able to germinate. Influenced by annual climat