Correlation of an iex Vivoi Model with Clinical Application of an Epigenetic Modifier, Inhibiting Tumor Growth and Metastasis, in Resistant Cholangiocarcinoma—A Case Study.pdfVIP

Journal of Cancer Therapy, 2016, 7, 50-54 Published Online January 2016 in SciRes. /journal/jct /10.4236/jct.2016.71006 Correlation of an ex Vivo Model with Clinical Application of an Epigenetic Modifier, Inhibiting Tumor Growth and Metastasis, in Resistant Cholangiocarcinoma—A Case Study 1 2 3 M. A. Nezami , Aron Gould Simon , Geoffrey Bartholomeusz 1 Pacific Medical Center of Hope Inc., Fresno, CA, USA 2 Valley Metabolic Imaging (VMI), Fresno, CA, USA 3 Si RNA Department, Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA Received 21 December 2015; accepted 25 January 2016; published 28 January 2016 Copyright © 2016 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). /licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Bile duct cancer is a rare form of cancer, with approximately 2000 new cases diagnosed in the Un- ited States each year. The prognosis of this disease is very grave, especially in the form of intrahe- patic (IHCC), as there is no person with stage four who lives for 5 years, and the average prognosis is less than a year, a majority of patients die in less than 6 months despite all therapies. It is sug- gested that one of the key elements in the disease progression is the intratumoral hypoxia induci- ble factor one alfa (HIF-1a) as a regulator of malignant behavior and recently described as a new prognostic indicator of IHCC. (9, 10) HIF is a key regulator under the microenvironmental (terrain) influence, and therefore studies of the cell lines in an in vitro environment where there is no hy- poxia, usually fail to translate to a clinical outcome i