第十章果实发育第三节水稻产量形成详解.pptVIP

* Rice occupies a prominent position in the food security of the worlds population. Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world population. About four-fifths of the world’s rice is produced by small-scale farmers in developing countries. Millions of households in Asia, Africa and the Americas depend on rice systems for their main source of employment and livelihood. The rice systems are hubs of biodiversity, which include fish, wildlife, livestock, plants that are important for enhancing nutrition and sustainable development. * As the worlds population is still growing, the land and water resources for rice production will be diminishing, especially in Asia. In many countries the inefficient application of pesticides as part of the intensification of rice production during the Green Revolution period has increased the pressures of pest and diseases and the incidences of declining soil fertility. Economically, the declining prices of rice in the international markets since 1995 has caused a sharp reduction in the return from rice production. This has been one of the major causes of poverty and hardship for many small farmers in developing countries. The situation calls for efforts to enhance the productivity and efficiency in rice production in order to improve food security and to conserve the natural resources of the rice-based systems. * Yield gap is literally defined as the difference between yield potential of rice and yields that are actually obtained by farmers. Different definitions and/or descriptions of yield gap as well as the quantification of the gap in rice production are available in the publication on “Yield Gap and Productivity Decline in Rice Production” Yield potential of traditional Indica varieties = 5 t/ha Japonica x Indica breeding in 1950s Yield potential of High-yielding Indica varieties = 10 t/ha in IR8 Yield potential of High-yielding Japonica varieties = 15 t/ha in YRL Yield potential of hybrid varieties = 18 t/ha in I