试论《墨子》的说理论辩艺术 毕业论文.doc

试论《墨子》的说理论辩艺术 Analysis of the Art of Reason and Debate of MoZi 摘 要 墨子，是战国初期的著名思想家，墨家学派的创始人，宣扬兼爱、非攻、尚贤等政治思想，并主张艰苦力行。该学派的经典著作《墨子》，是一部内容丰富的百科全书。《墨子》中的说理论辩艺术是我国古代论辩科学的精华，其论辩朴实无华，推理严密，说理清晰，持之有据，以理服人，讲科学，重实践。它对先秦说理散文的定型有一定的推动作用，并为我国文学语言的发展奠定了基础。学习墨子的说理论辩艺术，研究墨家学问，把握墨家思想的精髓，对于我们今天建设和谐社会、纳贤惜材有重要的启示；对于我们建设多元文化，促进科学的繁荣具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文主要从“三表法”的标准和寓理于喻、以子之矛攻子之盾、举例论证三种方法来探讨墨子高超的说理论辩艺术。 关键词：墨子；说理论辩艺术；三表法；寓理于喻；以子之矛攻子之盾；举例论证 Abstract Mozi?, who is a famous thinker of the early Warring States Period and the founder of Mohist school, promotes some political ideologies such as the universal love, non-offensive, morals advocating and advocates the importance of experiencing tough tasks.The classic work of Moist School is Mo Zi, which is a rich encyclopedia. The art of reason and debate in this book is the essence of scientific debate in ancient China, which is featured by its powerful words, close reasoning, clear analysis, solid evidence and also emphasizes the importance of science and practice. Mo Zi has greatly promoted the forming of reasoning prose and laid a solid foundation for the development of literary language. Studying the art of reasoning and debate of Mozi, researching the Moist knowledge and grasping the essence of Mohism inspired us in building a harmonious society and attracting the talents. What’s more, it will also be of great significance for constructing the multiple cultures and promoting the flourishing the science. This paper will illustrate the excellent art of reasoning and debate of Mozi in the following three ways, the criterion of Three Methods, illustrating by metaphors, giving examples and evidences and the use relativity theory. Keywords: Mozi,；the art of reasoning and debate:；that theoretical debate; Three Methods; reasoning in the metaphor; the relativity theory; analysis and exemplification. 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 前言 1 一、墨子思想及其论辩目的 1 二、《墨子》说理论辩的主要依据：三表法 1 （一）第一表：本之古者圣王之事 2 （二）第二表：原察百姓耳目之实 4 （三）第三表 发以为行政，观其中国家百姓人民之利 5 三、《墨子》的说理论辩方法 6 （一）寓理于喻 6 （二