歇后语（含相关语）的翻译.pptVIP

歇后语的定义 歇后语是广大人民在生活实践中创造的一种特殊语言形式。 它一般由两个部分构成，前半截是形象的比喻，象谜面，后半截是解释、说明，象谜底，十分自然贴切。 在一般的语言中。通常只要说出前半截，“歇”去后半截，就可以领会和猜出它的本意，所以称它为歇后语。 最早出现歇后这一名称的是在唐代。《旧唐书。郑綮列传》中就已提到过有所谓郑五歇后体（一种歇后体诗）。但它作为一种语言形式和语言表现，远在先秦时期就已出现了。如《战国策。楚策四》：亡羊而补牢，未为迟也。意思是说，失了羊再去修补羊圈，还不算太晚。这是我们今天所看到的最早的歇后语。 The fairest rose is at last withered. 最美的玫瑰也终会凋谢—花无百日红 The darkest hour is that before the dawn. 黎明之前是最黑暗的时刻—否极泰来 The best fish swim near the bottom. 好鱼总在水底游；好酒沉瓮底—珍贵的东西不易得 A blind man will not thank you for a looking-glass. 秋波送盲—白费痴情 A close mouth catches no flies. 病从口入—祸从口出 A fox may grow grey, but never good. 狐狸会变—但本性难移 一﹑解释法 虽说翻译也是一种解释，但毕竟与我们所说的解释不同：解释比翻译的含义广， 更自由，叙述较多，不那么讲究对应。譬如对“和尚打伞—无法无天”这一歇后语 与双关语的翻译只有通过解释法才能完成： “…It is a double pun.A monk has a shaven head,hence no hair. A monk under an umbrella is cut off from the sky,hence no heaven. But fa also means “law”,and tian also means “heaven” in the sense of supreme ruling power.Thus a monk under an umbrella is a man without law or lnimit-a rebel like Monkey(who accompanied the monk Tripitaka on his legendary journey to India),unbound by establishied rules,institutions or conventions,whether earthly or divine.” 二 借助上下文直译法 这种译法主要是将一种语言的双关语译成另一种语言的双关语，有作适当转换两种译法，这两种译法都是借助上下文，才能基本做到译文和原文“形似”与“神似”的统一。例如,钱哥川英译茅盾的小说《动摇》时，遇到这样一段话： 胡太太叹了口气，看见胡国光还是一肚子心事似的踱方步。 “张铁嘴怎么说的？”胡太太惴惴地问。 “很好，不用瞎担心了。我还有委员的福分呢！” “么事的桂圆！” “是委员！从前兴的是大人老爷，现在兴委员了！你还不明白？” 这里出现了“委员”与“桂圆”的谐音。钱哥川也感到棘手，苦思良久，才巧妙译出下文： Madame Hu gave a sign and watched her husband anxiously pacing about as before. “What did Chang Tieh-tsui say ?”she asked timidly. “He gave me very good news .We need not look for trouble ,I have the possibility of being a member of a committee!” “What a common tea?”asked the wife,who only vaguely caught the sound. “A committee! Lords and esquires are out of date, and the prevailing nomination is to a Committee.Don’t you still understand?” 三 加括号法 在上下文无法说明双关词义时，可采取加括号法：一词义译出之后，接着译出另一义放在括号中，读者一看就会明白。例如： Judge: “ What made you think that you could park your