第七章边坡稳定slopstability.ppt

第七章 边坡稳定 Slop Stability Slopes are classified into natural slopes (e.g. hill slopes and river banks) as well as man-made slopes (e.g. earth dams and embankments). (边坡分为天然边坡和人工边坡) Ensuring stability of slope is very important because slope failures usually result in much death and destruction. (边坡的稳定性十分重要因为滑坡导致人命与经济的损失) 7.1 Introduction (前言) Alpine debris flow (2000) Las Colinas landslide, El Salvador (2001) Kansu (China) 1920 Loess flow 200,000 killed Gros Ventre (Wyoming) 1925 Rockslide ~40 killed Madison (Montana) 1959 Rockslide 100 killed Vaiont (Italy) 1963 Rockslide 2,600 killed Aberfan (Wales) 1966 Debris-slide 144 killed Huascaran (Peru) 1970 Complex 25,000 killed Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) 1985 Debris flow 23,000 killed Casitas (Nicaragua) 1998 Debris flow +2,000 killed Venezuela 1999 Complex +20,000 killed Swiss/Italian Alps 2000 Debris flow 38 killed Major slope-instability related catastrophes of the 20th century (i) Translational slides failure of a slope along a weak zone of soil (沿软弱层滑动) failure surface tends to be plane and roughly parallel to the slope (滑动面为平面与坡面平行 ) Detached landslide deposit Sliding surface or weak zone (滑动面或软弱层) Sliding mass (滑体) 7.2 Types of slope failures (滑坡的类型) (ii) Rotational slides Sliding surface (滑动面) Sliding surface is an arc which is common in cohesive soils (粘性土的滑动面为一曲面) The stability of a slope can be analysed using one or more of the following methods: Limit equilibrium method - equilibrium of forces (极限平衡法) Limit analysis based on plasticity - equilibrium of stresses (极限应力分析法) Finite difference method (有限差分法) Finite element method (有限元法) 7.3 Methods of slope stability analysis (边坡稳定分析方法) In the limit equilibrium method (LEM), the soil is considered to be on the verge of failure along an assumed or a known sliding surface. (在某一假设滑动面上,整个块体处于极限平衡状态) In general, the sliding surface is assumed to be a circular arc for clays or a logarithmic spiral for sands and gravels. Factor of safety is defined