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Unit 6 Digestive System Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract Layers Mucosa: innermost layer, nutrients pass through Submucosa: connective tissue, lymph and blood vessels, nerves Digestive System Processes Five Processes Mechanical processing and movement: chewing, mixing Motility: Peristalsis Motility: Segmentation Pharynx and Esophagus Pharynx Common passageway for air and food Participates in swallowing Stomach Function Intrinsic factor; made by same cells making acid, needed to absorb Vitamin B12 Mucus: protects stomach lining from acid Pepsinogen: with acid, begins protein breakdown Small Intestine Large Intestine: Structure and Function Accesory Organs: Aid Digestion and Absorption Functions production of bile glucose - glycogen storage of vitamins, B12, A, D, E, K Accesory Organs: Aid Digestion and Absorption bilirubin gives stool its characteristic dark color removes toxins from blood manufactures blood proteins * * Responsible for the intake, digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of solid waste. Anatomy/Physiology Slide 14.2B [mju:k?us?] 粘膜 [,s?bmju:k?us?] 黏膜下层 Muscularis: two or three layers of smooth muscle, responsible for motility in GI tract Serosa: outermost layer, connective tissue sheath Slide 14.2B Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract Layers [sir?us?] 浆膜 Slide 14.3 Copyright ? 2001 Benjamin Cummings, an imprint of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Five Processes Secretion: fluid, digestive enzymes and hormones, bile, acid, alkali, mucus Slide 14.3 Copyright ? 2001 Benjamin Cummings, an imprint of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Digestive System Processes [?lk?lai]碱 [mju:k?s]粘液； Five Processes Digestion: breaking down food to smallest absorbable units Slide 14.3 Copyright ? 2001 Benjamin Cummings, an imprint of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Digestive System Processes Five Processes Absorption: through mucosa, into blood or lym