1A第4讲虚拟语气.docxVIP

2015暑期讲义1A虚拟语气 第四讲 Page PAGE \* Arabic \* MERGEFORMAT4 of 11 虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用 类别用法例句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were） 主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形If he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+过去分词 主句动词：should/would/could/might+ have+过去分词If I had been free, I would have visited you.与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式 / should+动词原形 / were+不定式 主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.其它状语从句as if/ as though引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式They are talking as if they had been friends for years.in order that / so that引导的状语从句中动词用can / could / may / might / would等+动词原形Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly. （一）虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should,或had,可将if省略，再把were, should或had移到从句句首，实行部分倒装。例如： Were they here now, they could help us= If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have seen the superstar. = If you had come earlier, you would have seen the superstar. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.= If it should rain, the crops would be saved. Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.= If it were to rain, the crops would be saved. （二）混合/错综条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 规则：无论是主句还是从句，与什么时间相反，就用与这个时间相对应的句型.常见的情况是从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. If it had rained last night , it would be very cold today. （三）含蓄虚拟条件句 在某些虚拟语气结构中没有if条件句，虚拟条件是用其它形式表示出来，这种现象在语法上称为“含蓄条件句”。含蓄条件通常分为以下几种情况: 1)通过without的介词短语表示条件。例如: Without air, there would be no living things. =If there were no air, there would be no living things. 2)通过but for介词短语表达条件。例如: But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier. =If it had not been for the storm, I would have arrived much earlier. 3)通过连词otherwise(or)表达条件。例如: She came to town yesterday, otherwise/or I would not have met her. =If she hadnt come to town yesterday, I would not have met her. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 虚拟在宾语从句中demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为（should）+动词原形He suggested that we