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1A第4讲虚拟语气
2015暑期讲义1A虚拟语气 第四讲 Page PAGE \* Arabic \* MERGEFORMAT4 of 11
虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用
类别用法例句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词:过去式(be用were)
主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形If he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反从句动词:had+过去分词
主句动词:should/would/could/might+ have+过去分词If I had been free, I would have visited you.与将来事实相反从句动词:过去式 / should+动词原形 / were+不定式
主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.其它状语从句as if/ as though引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式They are talking as if they had been friends for years.in order that / so that引导的状语从句中动词用can / could / may / might / would等+动词原形Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.
(一)虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should,或had,可将if省略,再把were, should或had移到从句句首,实行部分倒装。例如:
Were they here now, they could help us= If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have seen the superstar.
= If you had come earlier, you would have seen the superstar.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.= If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.= If it were to rain, the crops would be saved.
(二)混合/错综条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。
规则:无论是主句还是从句,与什么时间相反,就用与这个时间相对应的句型.常见的情况是从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
If it had rained last night , it would be very cold today.
(三)含蓄虚拟条件句
在某些虚拟语气结构中没有if条件句,虚拟条件是用其它形式表示出来,这种现象在语法上称为“含蓄条件句”。含蓄条件通常分为以下几种情况:
1)通过without的介词短语表示条件。例如:
Without air, there would be no living things. =If there were no air, there would be no living things.
2)通过but for介词短语表达条件。例如:
But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier.
=If it had not been for the storm, I would have arrived much earlier.
3)通过连词otherwise(or)表达条件。例如:
She came to town yesterday, otherwise/or I would not have met her.
=If she hadnt come to town yesterday, I would not have met her.
虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
虚拟在宾语从句中demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为(should)+动词原形He suggested that we
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