脂肪酸的分解代谢解析.ppt

Fatty acids is a central energy source in animals (especially the liver, heart, and resting skeletal muscle), many protists and some bacteria; the only energy source for hibernating animals and migrating birds; not a major energy source in plants. Sources for cells to obtain fatty acids: diet; stored lipid droplets; synthesized from the excess carbohydrates and amino acids by some special organs. 脂肪分子 胆汁盐包括胆酸、甘氨胆酸和牛磺胆酸，是胆固醇的氧化产物，有极性端和非极性端，形成微团。 作为载体把脂肪从小肠腔移送到上皮细胞----小肠对脂肪的吸收。 Molecular structure of a chylomicron The glycerol molecule generated can be converted to glycolytic intermediate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by the successive action of glycerol kinase, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and triose phosphate isomerase. 28.2 脂肪酸的氧化 脂酰辅酶A合酶 R—COO－ ＋ATP＋HS—CoA R—CO—S—CoA ＋ AMP ＋ PPi 无机焦磷酸酶 2pi Multi unsaturated fatty acid 还要有2，4—二烯酰—CoA还原酶。 Long-chain odd-number fatty acids Ketone Bodies The ketone bodies (acetone, acetoacetate, and D-hydroxybutyrate) are formed in the liver. The latter two compounds serve as fuel molecules in extrahepatic tissues, through oxidation to acetyl-CoA and entry into the citric acid cycle. β-羟丁酸的生成 28.6 鞘脂类的代谢 Sphingolipids metabolim 鞘脂类中一个脂肪酸分子与鞘氨醇等碱（胺）形成酰胺，称为N—脂酰鞘氨醇，或称神经酰胺(ceramide). 还可以进一步在它的一级羟基部位修饰为最终的鞘脂结构。 鞘磷脂 鞘糖脂 28.6.1 鞘磷脂 Sphingomyelin 鞘磷脂是所有动物细胞的组成分。他在包裹着神经细胞突的髓鞘中含量特别丰富，并由此而得名，它构成的多层膜的结构对神经纤维起保护和绝缘作用。 28.6.2 鞘糖脂 Sphingoglycolipids 脑苷脂(cerebroside)是最简单的鞘糖脂它由神经酰胺（ceramide）与一个单一的糖残基结合而成。 半乳糖脑苷脂是神经细胞膜中含量最多的组成成分。 ? 神经节苷脂(ganglioside)是持有最复杂基团的鞘糖脂。 P249图28-25 神经节苷脂具有相当重要的生理和医学意义。是某些脑下垂体(pituitary)糖蛋白激素的特异受体。这些激素的许多