3-生物信息的传递[上]-tianjunxu程序.ppt

Crick的中心法则（central dogma） From DNA to Protein 2006 年度诺贝尔化学奖：描述真核细胞的转录 Secondary structure of RNA Functions of RNAs Functions in protein synthesis a. mRNA: as the intermediate between the gene and the protein-synthesizing machinery. b. tRNA: as an adaptor between the codons in the mRNA and amino acids. c. rRNA: play a structural role, as in the case of the RNA components of the ribosome. As genetic material Serving as a template for its own replication in certain viruses RNA as catalysts (ribozyme) Some RNAs (including one of the structural RNAs of the ribosome) are enzymes that catalyze essential reactions in the cell. RNA is a regulatory molecule Small non-coding RNA which through sequence complementarity binds to, and interferes with the translation of certain mRNAs. Replication: synthesis of two DNA strands using both parental DNA strands as templates. Duplication of a DNA molecule 1 DNA molecule ? 2 DNA molecules DNA-mRNA-the encoded peptide RNA polymerases are enzymes that synthesize RNA using a DNA template (formally described as DNA-dependent RNA polymerases). Promoter is a region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription. Startpoint (Startsite) refers to the position on DNA corresponding to the first base incorporated into RNA. Terminator is a sequence of DNA that causes RNA polymerase to terminate transcription. Transcription unit is the distance between sites of initiation and termination by RNA polymerase. Upstream identifies sequences proceeding in the opposite direction from expression; for example, the bacterial promoter is upstream of the transcription unit, the initiation codon is upstream of the coding region. Downstream identifies sequences proceeding farther in the direction of expression; for example, the coding region is downstream of the initiation codon. Primary transcript is the original unmodified RNA product corresponding to a transcription unit. How does RNA polymerase find pro