基于单片机的多功能智能小车设剖析.doc

基于单片机的多功能智能小车设（实物制作）STC89C51单片机作为主控芯片，处理接收到的各种信号，并作出相应的反馈；用红外对管来进行黑线检测，从而达到循迹和避障的目的；通过编写的程序，保证了电机的左右转动，从而达到小车设计时预定的目标。 由于小车在设计过程中，采用了模块化的设计思路，所以在进行调试时非常方便。我们可以分别对每一个功能部分来进行调试，驱动部分调试时，只要给电机向前或者向后的信号，就可以调试出其功能。循迹部分调试时，只要通过检测到黑线，判断是否沿黑线行驶，即可以调试出。在进行避障调试中，我们可以把障碍物放在小车前方，然后看小车两个轮子的转向。这种模块化的设计思想不仅简化了设计过程，而且对我们以后的设计也会有一定启发。 ABSTRACT Along with the development of society, more and more intelligent attention. This design by simulating a car driving and automatic obstacle avoidance, to achieve intelligent. This design has three main modules including drive module, signal detection module, main control module, motor. In this design, with STC89C51 SCM as the master chip, processing various signals received, and make corresponding feedback; using Infrared to tube to detect the black line, so as to achieve the purpose of tracking; Through the program, ensure the motor rotation, so as to achieve the design of the car when the scheduled target. As the car in the design process, using a modular design concept, so very convenient during debugging. We were part of each function for debugging, debugging driving part, as long as the motor forward or backward signal, you can debug the functionality. When debugging tracking part, simply by detecting the black line, to determine whether the black line running along, that you can debug a. Avoidance during commissioning, we can put an obstacle in front of the car, and then look at the car two steering wheels. This modular design not only simplifies the design, but also for our future designs also have some inspiration. Key Words : Intelligent，SCM，Infrared to tube，Obstacle avoidance tracking 目录 一、绪论 1.1智能小车的研究与意义 1.2智能小车的现状 1.3论文研究内容与主要结构 二、方案选型设计 2.1车体设计 2.2 电机驱动选择 2.3 PWM调速技术 2.4 循迹模块技术 2.5 避障模块技术 2. 6 驱动模块 2. 7 控制系统模块 2. 8 电源选择 三、硬件设计 3.1总体设计 3.2电源电路设计 3.3驱动电路设计 3.4 循迹部分电路 3.5 避障部分电路 3.6 主控电路设计 四、软件设计 4.1主程序设计概述 4.2主程序流程图 4.3 驱动程序流程图 4.4 循迹程序流程图 4.5 避障程序流程图 五、制作安装与调试