4,X射线衍射方向资料.ppt

* 粉末法 利用晶粒的不同取向来改变?，以满足布拉格方程。 ◆ 主要特点在于试样获得容易、衍射花样反映晶体的信息全面，可以进行物相分析、点阵参数测定、应力测定、织构、晶粒度测定等。 ◆ * * * 粉末多晶样品的倒易空间特点 粉末多晶样品的倒易空间特点 A powder composed from 4 single crystals in random orientation (left) and the corresponding diffraction pattern (middle). The individual diffraction patterns plotted in the same color as the corresponding crystal start to add up to rings of reflections. With just four reflection its difficult though to recognize the rings. 粉末多晶样品的倒易空间特点 The right image shows a diffraction pattern of 40 single crystal grains (black). The colored spots are the peaks from the 4 grain powder shown in the previous image. Now the powder rings are clearly visible. 粉末多晶样品的倒易空间特点 The image shows again the 2D diffraction pattern obtained from 40 grains. The corresponding trace along [h00] shown in the right image (blue curve) is quite different than we would have guessed. Some lines are completely missing. Our diffraction pattern was recorded with a stationary sample of 40 powder grains. These are too few grains to evenly cover the powder rings. The trace, cut at an arbitrary direction, suffers from insufficient statistics. In order to record a proper powder pattern, the sample should be rotated or more grains should be added. The middle image shows a 2D diffraction pattern obtained from 200 grains. The corresponding 1D trace along [h00] (red curve) shows a much better representation of the intensities. Still some of the reflections do not show the correct intensity. 粉末多晶样品的倒易空间特点 Experimental Powder Diffraction Debye Scherrer camera: A very small amount of powdered material is sealed into a fine capillary tube made from glass that does not diffract x-rays. The specimen is placed in the Debye Scherrer camera and is accurately aligned to be in the centre of the camera. X-rays enter the camera through a collimator. The powder diffracts the x-rays in accordance with Braggs law to produce cones of diffracted beams. These cones intersect a strip of photographic film