利率市场化对商业银行的影响和其应对之策.pdf

摘 要 摘 要 利率市场化是我国金融改革的重要一环。我国利率市场化改革始于 1996 年，基本 遵循了渐进改革的路径。2012年6月8日与7月6日，央行连续两次调整放宽存贷款基 准利率浮动区间，并且在其发布的《2012 年金融稳定报告》中称，将进一步探索推进利 率市场化的有效途径，利率市场化改革引起更加广泛关注。中国利率市场化的进程明显 加速，势必给我国商业银行的经营管理带来重要影响，引发深刻变革。 本文介绍了利率市场化的含义以及我国利率市场化改革的背景与动因，梳理了我国 利率市场化进程，特别是 2012 年 6 月以来利率市场化的进程与特点。进一步探究了利 率市场化对商业银行的影响，分析其如何导致商业银行利差收窄、存贷比上升以及给商 业银行带来的更大风险。对商业银行应对利率市场化影响应采取的对策给出了相关建 议，商业银行可以发展中间业务，提高非利息收入水平；以客户为核心，完善贷款定价 机制；坚持风控原则，加强金融创新；基于优势业务，实施差异化经营已应对利率市场 化带来的影响。 关键词 利率市场化 商业银行 风险管理 I Abstract Abstract The interest rate marketization is an important part of Chinas financial reform. Chinas market-oriented interest rate reform began in 1996, basically following the path of gradual reform. On June 8th and July 6th 2012 ,the Peoples Bank of China revised twice to relax the floating range of deposit and lending rates, with its published China Financial Stability Report 2012 saying, it will further explore an effective way to promote the interest rate marketization. The interest rate marketization reform caused more widespread concern. China’s interest rate marketization process’s accelerating will bring important influence to our commercial banks’ management and operation and lead to a profound change. This paper describes the meaning of interest rate marketization and Chinas market-oriented interest rate reform background and motivation, sorts out the process of interest rate marketization in China, especially with the characteristics of the process since June 2012. It further explores the influence of interest rate marketization on commercial banks, analyzes how interest rate marketization leads commercial banks to a narrowed interest differential, a rise to loan-to-deposit ratio, as well as greater ris