01 蓼科幻灯片.pptVIP

被子植物 Anogiospermae; 双子叶植物纲 单子叶植物纲根系 直根系 须根系茎 维管束环状排列 维管束散生排列 有形成层有髓射线 无形成层无髓射线叶 网状叶脉 平行叶脉花 5或4基数 3基数种子 2枚子叶 1枚子叶;双子叶植物胚乳种子;单子叶植物胚乳种子;蓼 科 Polygonaceae;花被片3~6个，花瓣状，宿存； 雄蕊8，少6或9个，常与花被片对生。;穗 状 花 序;总状花序;何首乌 Radix Polygoni Multiflori;多年生缠绕草本；根末端肥大呈不整齐块状，红褐色。叶互生，具长柄；叶片心脏形，全缘，表面光滑无毛；托叶鞘膜质。圆锥花序顶生或腋生，花小而密，白色。花被绿白色具三翅。瘦果椭圆形，有三棱。;[采制] 秋季采挖块根，洗净，切去两端，大的块根可再对半剖开，或切片晒干为生首乌 用黑豆汁拌匀，炖或蒸制成制首乌。 [产销] 主产于河南、湖北、广西、广东，销全国 ;;块根横切面：木栓层为数列细胞，充满红棕色物。韧皮部较宽广，环形排列异型维管束4-11个，外韧型，导管稀少。中柱形成层成环，木质部导管较少，有少数木纤维，根中心部位导管较多，射线宽。薄壁细胞含草酸钙簇晶，并含淀粉粒。;异型维管束;根横切面 韧皮部较宽，异型维管束4～11个环列，外韧型。;粉末 黄棕色 1.草酸钙簇晶较多。 2.淀粉粒众多，单粒类球形，脐点明显；复粒2～9分粒。 3.木栓细胞呈类多角形。 4.导管主为具缘纹孔导管， 具缘纹孔细密。 此外有木纤维、棕色块。;1．含卵磷脂（lecithin）约3.7％。 2．含蒽醌类化合物约1.1％，主要为大黄酚、大黄素，其次为大黄酸、大黄素甲醚等。 3．茋类。 4．儿茶精类;‘Lecithin’ is usually used as synonym for phosphatidylcholine (PC), which is the major component of a phosphatide fraction which is frequently isolated from either egg yolk (Greek ‘ é ’), or soya beans and is commercially available in high purity. Isolation and purification of lecithins from different sources are described in Kuksis [1985] and Prosise [1985]. PC is a mixture of differently substituted sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidylcholine backbones. As can be seen from Tab. 1, the structure of PC is variable and dependent on fatty acid substitution. In the sn-1-position, saturated acyl-groups, and in sn-2-position, unsaturated species are more common [Kuksis, 1985]. By dietetic means the fatty acid substitution of egg phospholipids can be altered in the sn-2-position [Hanahan, 1960]. Fatty acids of mainly 16-20 C in chain length dominate in egg PC. The sn-1-chain typically shows an average of 16?C, whereas the sn-2-chain shows an average of 18?C. Naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids are almost entirely of all-cis-conformation [Gennis, 1989]. ;Palmitoyl(棕榈酸）/Oleoyl（油酸） [16:0/18:1]-PC (POPC) 38.2% in Egg PC