Programmig Methodology.docxVIP

01. privatestaticfinaldoublePI=3.14;02. booleanp=(x!=1)||(x!=2),palwaysequalstrue!!!03. Shortcircuitevaluation:p=(53)||(64);(64)willnotbecalculated.Usage:p=(x!=0)(y/x==0); avoidzeroasdivision;04. Compoundstatement(block)“{}”,variable’sscopeisblockinwhichitisdeclared,scopeislifeofvariable,iswhenthevariableisavailabletobeused05. CAST:lossofinformation:intx=(double)y,losslessofinformation:doubley=[(int)]x;06. Staticmemorystorage,Heap,Stack07. Stringscompare,uses1.equals(s2),nots1==s2,fors1ands2areobjects!08. Parameters:①fundamentaltypes:int,double,char,Boolean,valuetransfer②referencetypes:objects,addresstransfer09. Primitive Class =manyusefulmethodsint Integerdouble Doublechar Characterboolean Boolean10. Fileoperations:importjava.io.*;importjava.util.Scanner;ScanneruserInputScanner=newScanner(System.in);BufferedReaderrd=null;StringfileName=null;/**methodone:trycatch*///openafilewhile(rd==null){try{fileName=userInputScanner.nextLine();rd=newBufferedReader(newFileReader(fileName));}catch(FileNotFoundExceptione){System.out.println(Pleaseinputafilename:);}}try{//PrintWriterwillremovetheexistingsamenamefileandrebuildonePrintWriterpw=newPrintWriter(copy.txt);while(true){Stringstr=rd.readLine();if(str==null){break;}pw.println(Copyingline:+str);}rd.close();pw.close();}catch(IOExceptione){e.printStackTrace();}11. array①ordered=readanddeviseelementaccordingtoindex②homogeneousDeclaration①type[]arrayName=newtype[size];②type[]arrayName={element1,element2,element3,…};12. ArrayList--antemplate,canholdsobjectsonly,int=Integer… importjava.util.*; //emptyArrayList ArrayListStringstrList=newArrayListString(); //addanelement //booleanadd(Telement) //addanewelementtotheendoftheArrayList //booleanadd(intindex,Telement) //insertsanewelementintotheArrayListbeforethepositionspecifiedbyindex strList.add(Copying); //Tget(intindex) //accessanelement strList.get(index); //Tset(intindex,Tvalue) //intsize() //voidclear() //booleanremove(Telement) //removethefirstinstanceofel