瞬间动词与延续性动词分析.pptVIP

1、延续性动词： 也叫可持续性动词，表示能够延续的动作。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有: for+ 时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。 He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. “瞬间动词(也叫‘短暂性动词’)” 和或“终止性动词” 1、瞬间动词：短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词 从“开始发生”到 “结束/终止”： 几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’）就完成了“开始—结束”的过程，如 “Close the door”, “Open the door” 有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程” 可能稍微长一些，但也不会很长的，如, “buy sth（买下）”：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。 所以， “我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的通，但英语的表达就不能说： I have bought the watch for five years. buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for… A: I have had the watch for 5 years. B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch. C: I bought it 5 years ago. 同理， “borrow sth” “借书”在办理了相关的‘登记’手续后就 结束了，不可能“借” 几个星期 或好几年的！ 汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。” 的意思是： “我两周前 （borrowed it），（在归还前）现在它还在我手里（I still have it or I’m still reading it.） Right or Wrong? A: I have borrowed the book for two weeks. B: I have had / kept it for two weeks. C: It’s 2 weeks since I borrowed it. D: I borrowed it 2 weeks ago. (Wrong) (Right) (Right) (Right) 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达“他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法： 一、用ago,使用一般过去时。 He left here three years ago. 二、用“It is +一段时间＋since ＋一般过去时从句 ” It is three years since he left here. 三、用“ 一段时间＋have/ has passed + since + 一般过去时从句” Three years have passed since he left here. 以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。 另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介词短语等。 1.直接转化成延续性动词 buy catch (get) a cold borrow/lend come/go /become have have a cold keep be put on wear e.g.这本书我买了三个