纳什数学定义研讨.docxVIP

Journals in medical image processing: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Image and Vision Computing, Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine International Journal of Computer, Computers in Biology and Medicine, Expert Systems with Applications, 数学定义 纳什均衡的定义：在博弈G=﹛S1,…,Sn：u1,…，un﹜中，如果由各个博弈方的各一个策略组成的某个策略组合（s1*,…，sn*）中，任一博弈方i的策论si*，都是对其余博弈方策略的组合（s1*,…s*i-1,s*i+1,…，sn*）的最佳对策，也即ui（s1*,…s*i-1,si*,s*i+1,…，sn*）≥ui（s1*,…s*i-1,sij*,s*i+1,…，sn*）对任意sij∈Si都成立，则称（s1*,…，sn*）为G的一个纳什均衡。 Formal definition Let be a game with players, where is the strategy set for player , is the set of strategy profiles and is the payoff function for . Let be a strategy profile of player and be a strategy profile of all players except for player . When each player chooses strategy resulting in strategy profile then player obtains payoff . Note that the payoff depends on the strategy profile chosen, i.e., on the strategy chosen by player as well as the strategies chosen by all the other players. A strategy profile is a Nash equilibrium (NE) if no unilateral deviation in strategy by any single player is profitable for that player, that is When the inequality above holds strictly (with instead of ≥) for all players and all feasible alternative strategies, then the equilibrium is classified as a strict Nash equilibrium. If instead, for some player, there is exact equality between and some other strategy in the set , then the equilibrium is classified as a weak Nash equilibrium. A game can have either a pure-strategy or a mixed Nash Equilibrium. (In the latter a pure strategy is chosen stochastically with a fixed probability). Proof of existence Proof using the Kakutani fixed point theorem Nashs original proof (in his thesis) used Brouwers fixed point theorem (e.g., see below for a variant). We give a simpler proof via the Kakutani fixed point theorem, following Nashs 1950 paper (he credits David Gale with the observ