人格权上精神利益与财产利益的保护-4.docVIP

第四講題 人格權上精神利益與財產利益的保護 一、前言 (一)人格權保護與民法的發展 1.人格權的保護是民法的核心價值 2.人格權的發展 (1)現行法 ①民法通則 ②司法解釋 ③法院判決 (2)人格權法的制定 ①人格權單獨立法的問題 ②人格權法的內容形成 (二)人格權性質及保護利益 1.人格權的性質 (1)一身專屬 (2)讓與 (3)繼承 2.人格權保護的利益 (1)精神利益 (2)財產利益 ①人格的商業化 ②財產價值的保護 (三)案例 甲係著名運動員（或演藝人員、作家等），乙未經甲的同意，擅自以甲的肖像，姓名、聲音推銷商品，製造Ｔ恤等販賣，獲利甚豐。試問 (1)甲得向乙主張何種權利？ (2)設甲死亡後，乙為侵害時，有何救濟方法？ 二、美國法上的Right of Privacy和Right of Publicity (一)美國侵權行為法 (二) Right of Privacy（隱私權） 1.Warren 和Brandes的論文 (1)1890年發表：Right of Privacy, 4 Harv. L. Rev. 193 (19) 90 (2)內容及影響 2.Prosser的論文 (1)1960年發表：Privacy, 48 Cal. L.R. 383(1960) (2)四個類型侵權行為 ①Intrusion upon the plaintiff’s seclusion or solitude, or into his private affairs. ②Public disclosure of embarrassing private facts about the plaintiff. ③Publicity which places the plaintiff in a false light in the public eye. ④Appropriation, for the defendant’s advantage, of the plaintiff’s name or likeness. 3.保護機制 (1)侵害的禁止 (injunction) (2)精神損害賠償 (三) Right of Publicity (個人公開權) 1.Haelan v. Laboratorics v. Topf chewing Gum, Inc (195) (1)Jerome Frank法官 (2)Right of Publicity的誕生 ①Frank法官：We think that in addition to and independent of that right of privacy (which in New York derive from statute), a man has a right in the public value of his photograph, i.e., the right to grant the exclusive privilege of publishing his picture […] This right might be called a ‘right of publicity.’ ②McCarthy, The Right of Publicity and Privacy, Vol. I (West Group, 1999), §5.8 [A], 5-68: “Like from Adam’s rib, the right of publicity was carved out of the general right of privacy.” McCarthy教授係美國研究公開權的權威，對公開權的誕生，引用聖經創世紀的話語，認為如耶和華從亞當的肋骨建造夏娃，Frank法官從一般隱私權塑造出了公開權。 2.Melville Nimmer的論文 (1954) (1)1954年的論文：Nimmer, The Right of Publicity and Privacy, 19 Law Contemporary Problems 203 (1954): “But although the concept of privacy which Brandeis and Warren evolved fulfilled the demands of Beacon Street in 1890, it may seriously be doubted that application of this concept satisfactorily meets the needs of Broadway and Hollywood in 1954.” (2)Nimmer氏對Rig