学术英语写作教案语言学研讨.ppt

学术英语写作 语言学方向 语言学论文也可以分为基础学科（音系，句法，语义，形态等）分析和应用学科（语言教学，语言测试，社会因素，文学作品的文体学分析等）分析，如网络语言分析，属于社会语言学的范畴。 Teaching Points 一. 语音类，如语音的属性、音韵与语音的关系、强弱、轻浊、音节等。二. 词汇类，如词汇形态学，语义学，构词，词化，语义场等。题目如委婉语、The Linguistic Features of the Business English （值得一提的是，学生在写商务英语时要多半与翻译、文化、语言学相结合，所以本书本有把商务英语单独列为一个论文选题方向）。 三. 语法类，如语法结构，层次，修辞等。 Teaching points 四. 句子类，如分析句子的各种成分，语序，基本句型等。五. 语篇类，如连贯性，思维逻辑性，结构修辞，主体与客体意识等。题目如谈话中的交际原则。 六. 言语发展与变化类， 如就近代英语语言的衍变、英语与汉语的对比等进行分析。 Teaching points 具体来说，要写一篇语言学方面的论文，学生可以1. 先观察总结日常生活中近些年来的英语语言的某些变化现象。2.用语言学理论分析这种现象并找出变化的原因。3. 是问题的话就找出解决办法，或者如果是客观现象的话就总结其影响，预测其发展趋势。 terms Descriptive: An approach to linguistics which is concerned with saying what language is like and not what it should be like (prescriptivism). Diachronic: Refers to language viewed over time and contrasts with synchronic which refers to a point in time. This is one of the major structural distinctions introduced by Saussure and which is used to characterize types of linguistic investigation. . Displacement: One of the key characteristics of human language which enables it to refer to situations which are not here and now, e.g. I studied linguistics in London when I was in my twenties. Hierarchy: Any order of elements from the most central or basic to the most peripheral, e.g. a hierarchy of word classes in English would include nouns and verbs at the top and elements like adjectives and adverbs further down with conjunctions and subordinators still further down. The notions of top and bottom are intended in a metaphorical sense terms Surface structure: The form in which a sentence actually appears in speech; contrast this with deep structure. Transformation: In early versions of generative grammar this was a type of operation which showed a formal link between two types of sentence with more or less identical meaning, e.g. between active or passive sentences. A second usage was in the process of derivation, i.e. when moving from deep to surface structure. Here many linguists assumed t