1光合作用意义与叶绿素详解.ppt

Chapter 3. Photosynthesis §1. 光合作用及其重要性 光合作用Photosynthesis : 绿色植物利用叶绿体色素所吸收的光能将简单的低能的无机物H2O、CO2转化为复杂的富含能量的有机物同时放出O2的过程。 H2O+CO2　　　　　　　　CH2O+O2 2. 光合作用的发现 1771, J.Priestley. England, discovered that plant can purify air, which can sustain the burning of a candle or the survival of a little mouse. 　　　“气从地下催腾一粒，种性小者为蓬，大者为蔽牛干霄之木，此一粒原本几何？其余则皆气所化也。” 　　　——明·宋应星《天工开物－论气》 3. 光合作用研究中的里程碑 1779, J.Ingenhouse, The Netherland, demonstrated that the plant in Priestley’s experiment is dependent on light and its green part. 1780-1789, A.Lavoisier, French, discovered the law of mass conservation. 1782, J.Senebier, Swiss, pointed out that CO2 participated in photosynthesis 1804, De Saussure, Genevese, suggested H2O took part in photosynthesis. 1842, R.Mayer, Germany, discovered the law of energy conservation and transformation, pointed out solar energy was stored in organic matter. 1930, C. Van Niel, USA, proposed photosynthesis was based on oxidation-reduction reactions and that the primary reaction is a photolysis of water followed by oxygen release. 1932. R.Emerson, W.Arnon, USA, concluded several hundred chls cooperate in photosynthesis 1939. R.Hill, UK, Hill reaction. 1954. M.Calvin, USA, Calvin cycle(Nobel Prize in 1961) 1954. D.Arnon, USA, discovered photophosphorylation 1960-1961, PSⅠ and PSⅡ cooperate in plants. 1965, R.B.Woodward, USA, the synthesis of chlorophyll and other organic compounds. (Nobel Prize) 1984，J.Deisenhofer, R.Huber, H.Michel, The Federal Republic of Germany, solve the structure of a photosynthetic reaction center from a bacterium. (Nobel Prize) 1992, R. A. Marcus, USA, electron transfer in a chemical system. (Nobel Prize) 1997, P.Boyer(US),J.Walker(UK), binding change mechanism of ATP synthesis. (Nobel Prize) 4.　光合作用的意义 无机物→有机物：植物每年同化C: 2×1011吨，其中的40%由水中的plankton 固定。 太阳能→化学能：植物年贮能3× 1021焦耳。 净化环境，调节大气成分： 　　CO2→O2 光合作用导致游离氧的产生，使生命延伸到陆地，并改变了大气成分。 光合作用使大气中的CO2、O2保持相对稳定。 Ancient Atmosphere: H2O + N2 +NH3 + CO2 + CO + CH4 + H2 + H2S Photosynth