chapter2-Mechanical Properties__ Fundamentals and Tensile Hardness and Impact Testing Engineering.ppt

Shear modulus (G，剪切模量) - The slope of the linear part of the shear stress-shear strain curve. Viscosity (? 粘度) - Measure of resistance to flow, defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain rate (units Poise or Pa·s). Tensile toughness(拉伸韧性): the energy absorbed by a material prior to fracturing(断裂) Ductility: the amount of deformation that a material can withstand without breaking. Percent elongation % elongation % Reduction Effect of temperature 2.4 Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test Figure 2.11 (a) Determining the 0.2% off-set yield strength(屈服强度) in gray cast ion, and (b) upper and lower yield point behavior in a low-carbon steel 2.4 Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test 2.4 Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test Figure 2.12 Localized deformation(局部变形) of a ductile material during a tensile test produces a necked region(收缩区). The micrograph shows necked region in a fractured sample 2.4 Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test 2.4 Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test Figure 2.13 Typical yield strength values for different engineered materials 2.4 Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test 2.4 Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test Figure 2.14 Comparison of the elastic behavior of steel and aluminum. For a given stress, aluminum deforms elastically three times as much as does steel 2.4 Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test Figure 2.15 Range of elastic moduli(弹性模量) for different engineered materials 2.4 Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test Example2.3 Young’s Modulus of Aluminum Alloy From the data in Example 6.1, calculate the modulus of elasticity of the aluminum alloy. Use the modulus to determine the length after deformation of a bar of initial length of 50 in. Assume that a level of stress of 30,000 psi is applied. Example 2.3 SOLUTION Example2.4 Ductility of an Aluminum Alloy The aluminum alloy in Example 6.1 has a final length after failure of 2.195 in. and a final diameter of 0.398 in. at t