Chapter 23 Special Theory of Relativity.ppt

23.2 Postulates of the special theory of relativity 32-3 2 轻核聚变 释放能量 质量亏损 轻核聚变条件 温度达到 时，使 具有 的动能，足以克服两 之间的库仑排斥力. 氘核 氦核 氢弹爆炸（核聚变） fusion 两全同粒子（静止质量m0）以相同的速率v相向运动，碰后合在一起生成一个新粒子。 求：复合粒子的速度和质量 解：设复合粒子质量为M 速度为 由能量守恒 损失的能量转换成静止能量 动量守恒 一质点的动量为 ，求其速率和动能。 例：一粒子的静止质量为m0，当其动能等于其静止能量时， 求其质量、速率、和动量。 一原子核相对于实验室以0.6c 运动，在运动方向上向前发射一电子， 电子相对于核的速度为0.80c, 当实验室中测量时，求 (1) 电子的速率，(2)电子质量 (3) 电子动能 (4) 电子动量的大小 解:S 系:实验室 ,S′系：　原子核 Review: Chapter 32 Example 32-2,3,6,7 ,8 Preview: Chapter 33 A 粒子的静止质量为 m0，入射动能为2 m0c2，与处于静止的B粒子碰撞并结合在一起，B粒子的静止质量为2m0 求碰撞后复合粒子的静止质量。 Solution：for particle A Conversation of energy Conversation of momentum 3. If ， . 1. Time dilation is a relativistic effect. It means that time does not actually pass more slowly in moving reference frames, it only seems to pass more slowly. Discussion 2. Everything in the moving reference frame are measured to be slower. Example (P741 32-1) Lifetime of a moving muon. What will be the mean lifetime of a muon as measured in the laboratory if it is traveling at with respect to the lab? How far does a muon travel in the lab? Solution: lab :S , muon: S? Example (P742 32-2) Time dilation at 100km/h. A car traveling 100km/h covers a certain distance in 10.00s according to the driver’s watch. What does an observer on Earth measure for the time? Solution: earth :S , car: S? The same thought can be used to illustrate that length is also a relative quantity for different frame observers. 3. Length Contraction 32-6 (动尺变短) Earth observes Proper length : distance between two points are measured by observers at rest with respect to it Spacecraft observes From Lorentz Transformation A rod with length L0 is still in frame S? What about the length in frame S? Measured the length in the same time t1=t2=t. 结论 长度具有相对意义