新版轮机英语unit23the hydraulic system and equipment.ppt

23 The Hydraulic System and Equipment in all cases power is continuously transmitted whilst speed changes take place; overload conditions are safeguarded by using a relief valve to limit maximum output torques or forces; (1) The hydraulic pump to convert mechanical into hydraulic energy; (2) Valves（阀件） to allow this hydraulic energy to be controlled; Both the rotor face and the “slipper pads” (滑块） on the piston ends are pressure balanced and lubricated to minimize power losses. but on the larger sizes the forces increase to such a magnitude（大小，巨大） that some form of servo（伺服） assistance is essential. The basically simplicity of this type of equipment allows a compact variable capacity unit to be produced capable of operating as pump or motor in either direction of rotation Motors Most designs of positive displacement mechanism（容积式装置） are capable of acting as pump or motor . fluid is introduced into the inlet port at some pressure then in many designs the mechanism will rotate and in turn drive the shaft. the requirement for some form of speed reduction gearbox in many cases to achieve acceptable torque levels for winch（绞盘） drives for instance Slow speed high torque motors A number of different designs of “slow speed” motors are available and are commonly used in marine systems such as winch drives. Pressure control valves There are two main types of pressure control valve-relief (安全阀） and the reducing， The basic difference being that the relief valve is closed by a spring, and the reducing value opened by a spring. (a) Relief valves These are used to protect the system from over pressure. The direct acting relief valve is used for controlling low flows up to 172bar (2,500lbf/in2) or higher. Reducing valves These are used to limit the pressure in any particular portion of the circuit ,and again may be of direct acting or pilot operated types. Flow control valves There are three main variants o