图像增强管.docx

百度用户名：光学设备专家著本文章除笔者外，只允许百度转载。Animageintensifier(I2)tubeisadevicethatintensifies(oramplifies)lowlightlevelimagestolevelsthatcanbeseenwiththehumaneyeordetectedbydigitalimagesensors.图像增强管是将微光放大到可以被人眼看见或被数字图像感应器感应到的水平的装置。AllmodernI2tubesconsistofthreemaincomponents,aphotocathode,aMicrochannelPlate(MCP)andaphosphorscreen.Thecharacteristicsofeachcomponent,aswellasthecarefulconsiderationofanyavailableoptions,willcontributetotheoverallqualityoftheresultingimage.所有现代的图像增强管都由三个主要部分组成，一个光电阴极、一个微通路板和一个荧光屏。每个组成部分的特性及对于任何可能性的认真考量，都会影响最终图像的整体质量。ImageIntensifierTubescollecttheexistingambientlightthroughtheobjectivelensofthenightvisiondevice.图像增强器通过夜视仪的物镜搜集环境光。Thelightmayoriginatefromnaturalsources,suchasstarlightormoonlight,orfromartificialsourcessuchasstreetlightsorinfraredilluminators.光可能产生自自然界，比如星光、月光，或人造光源，比如街灯、红外发光器。Thelowlevelofincominglight,whichconsistsofphotons,entersthetubethroughitsinputwindowandstrikesthephotocathode.微弱的由光子组成的入射光，通过入射窗口进入增强管然后打在光电阴极上。ThephotocathodeisaverythinlightsensitivelayerdepositedontheinsideoftheI2inputwindowthatconvertsthephotonsintoelectronsandreleasesthemintothevacuumofthetube.光电阴极是一个装置在入射窗口内部的非常薄的感光层，它把光子穿变成电子并将它们释放到增强管的真空中。AllmodernI2tubesoperateunderavacuumofabout10-9to10-10torrs,whichisessentialtoprotectthephotocathodefromoxidationandrapiddestruction.所有现代的图像增强管都在10-9至10-10托尔的压力下运转，这对于防止光电阴极氧化和迅速毁坏非常关键。Oncereleasedbythephotocathode,thesephoto-electronsareacceleratedandfocusedbyahighelectricalfieldtowardstheMCP.一旦被光电阴极释放，这些光电子就被高电场加速并聚集在电子倍增器微通道板上。TheMCPisathinglassdisc,lessthanahalfamillimeterthick,whichcontainsmillionsofsmallchannels.电子倍增器微通道板是一个薄玻璃盘，不到半毫米厚，它包含数百万个微通道。Whenanelectroncomingfromthephotocathodestrikestheinnerwallofonechannel,severalsecondaryelectronsaregeneratedbytheimpact.当一个从光电阴极而来的电子撞击到一个微通道的内壁上，数个二次电子就在撞击中产生出来。EachofthesesecondaryelectronswillinturnbeacceleratedwithintheMCPbyanotherhighelectricalfield,onceagainstrikingtheinnerwallofthechannel,andgeneratingevenmoresecondaryelectrons.每个二次电子都会在电子倍增器微通道板内被另一个高电场轮流加速，再次撞击通道内壁，并