毕业设计（论文）-奶牛场沼气发酵工艺技术研究.doc

设计总说明 随着我国的国民经济持续快速的发展，一些能源消耗呈现快速增长的势头，使总能源需求明显扩大、价格也不断上升，局部地区出现了能源供应紧张情况。如今我国也已经成为煤炭世界第一消费大国，是继美国之后的第二石油和电力消费大国，但我国石油储量仅是世界的2%。随着我国经济的快速持续发展，对能源的需求量也呈逐年递增的趋势，所以面临能源供应的压力也在不断增加。在这种形势下，加大沼气等生物能源的开发利用已经成为缓解我国的能源供应压力的一个重要途径。 沼气作为可再生清洁能源，既可以替代秸秆、薪柴等传统生物质能源，也可替代煤炭等商品能源，而且能源效率明显高于秸秆、薪柴、煤炭等。发展沼气目前是我国能源战略的重要组成部分，对增加优质能源供应、缓解国家能源压力具有重大的现实意义。沼气是有机物质在厌氧的环境下，在一定的温度、湿度、酸碱度条件下，通过微生物的发酵作用，产生的一种可燃性气体。 本次设计中以500头奶牛牛粪作为沼气发酵原料，重点对沼气发酵池，即UASB反应器做重要设计，其中主要包括布水装置、三相分离器结构设计，从环保循环利用的方面考虑，需对生成的沼气进行进一步处理，如脱水、脱硫处理等。还有对从UASB反应器流出的沼液以及沼渣经过简易的曝气池、沉淀池处理，防止造成污染，另一方面可利用最终沼渣、沼液作为农肥，其具有营养成分多样性及均衡性、增强土壤肥力、环保性等优点。最后还对各处理单元的结构、平面布置和高程布置进行了设计。采用AutoCAD绘图工具进行工程图纸的绘制，以及对主要平面图进行绘制。本次设计的目的是为了实现，同时。通过此次设计巩固所学的专业理论知识，掌握污水处理工艺及各个构筑物的设计技术，熟练设计过程和规范要求，从而为将来的实际工程的应用打下坚实的基础。 Design Instruction With the continued rapid growth of our national economy, some of the energy consumption of industry shows rapid growth, significantly expanding the total energy using price is rising in some areas of the energy supply situation. Now China has become the worlds largest consumer of coal country, the second after the United States oil and electricity consumer, but China is the worlds oil reserves, only 2%. With Chinas sustained and rapid economic development, energy demand also showed an increasing trend year by year, so pressure is also facing increasing energy supply. Under such circumstances, increased methane development and utilization of biomass energy has become a relieve the pressure of Chinas energy supply is an important way. Biogas as a renewable clean energy, can replace straw, firewood and other traditional biomass energy, it can replace coal and other energy commodities, and energy efficient than straw, firewood and coal. Chinas energy strategy for the development of biogas is an important component of the increase the quality of energy supply and ease pressure on the national energy of great practical significance. Biogas is organic matter in the anaerobic environment, in a certain temperature, humidity, pH condit