Experiment 3 pre lab report.docxVIP

Chemical and Biological Process Lab 3 Liquid and GaseousDiffusion CoefficientDepartment: Chemical and Biological EngineeringStudent number: 2008-12078Name: Chew Yueh Renn ???Group: Wednesday Group 8Teacher Assistant: ???Experiment Date: 2010. 09. 29 Submission Date: 2010. 09. 29INTRODUCTIONPhysical and chemical processes are associated with the nature of substance. Process engineering is related to transition and distribution of bulk state. Therefore, chemical plant is designed to manipulate material and in order to operate it, physical and chemical properties must be considered. Liquid is the most convenient transition state to be handled, thus most of the chemical plant operate by using liquid and or gas state of matter. In such a situation, the most important characteristic of the fluid is the diffusivity. Since the flow or transfers of fluid are depended by diffusivity, related data in this field is mandatory for the designing of the plant.The main objective in this experiment is to figure out the diffusion coefficient of xM NaCl solution in distilled water.THEORYDiffusionDiffusion describes the spread of particles through random motion from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. The time dependence of the statistical distribution in space is given by the diffusion equation. The concept of diffusion is tied to that of mass transfer driven by a concentration gradient, but diffusion can still occur when there is no concentration gradient (but there will be no net flux). Diffusion is common in liquid or gas phase and even solid phase.Graham’s lawGrahams law, also known as Grahams law of effusion, was formulated by Scottish physical chemist Thomas Graham. Graham found experimentally that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles. This formula can be written as:where:Rate1 is the rate of effusion of the first gas (volume or number of moles per unit time).Rate2 is the rate of ef